Private: 2663 Donald Alexander STEWART. M.M.

34th BATTALION A.I.F.

Private: 2663 Donald Alexander STEWART. M.M.


Born: 5th July 1898. Boggabri, New South Wales, Australia. Birth Cert:19509/1898.

Married: 1925. Petersham, New South Wales, Australia. Marriage Cert:14856/1925.

Wife: Margaret Stewart. nee: Bottrell. (1895-1975)

Died: 18th March 1971. Narrandera Shire, New South Wales, Australia. Death Cert:45332/1971.


Father: Donald Stewart. (1863-1953)

Mother: Mary Stewart. nee: Cook. (1859-1965)


INFORMATION
Donald Alexander Stewart enlisted with the 5th Reinforcements, 34th Battalion AIF on the 10th of July 1916 and left Sydney on board SS "Port Napier" on the 17th of November 1916 and disembarked at Devonport England on the 21st of January 1917. Donald was marched in to the 9th Training Battalion at the Durrington Army Camp at Lark Hill where he continued his training before proceeding overseas for France on the on the 9th of July and was Taken in in Strength in the field on the 30th of July 1917. Donald was in the front line for the 2nd Battle of Passchendaele in October.

No.2663 Donald Alexander STEWART was an 18 year old Farmer from the property ‘Onavale’ at Maules-Creek, near Boggabri in NSW when he enlisted in the AIF on the 10th of July 1916, entering the Narrabri Depot Camp. On the 27th of July, he along with other recruits, were transferred to the Training Camp at Armidale.
He embarked from Australia as a member of the 5th Reinforcements to the 34th Battalion, on board the S.S. Napier, that departed Sydney on the 17th of November 1916 and arrived at Devonport in England on the 29th of January 1917. On arrival the reinforcements travelled by train to Wiltshire, where they marched in to the 9th Training-Battalion at Durrington.
He deployed across from England to France on the 9th of July and marched in to the 3rd Australian Division Base Depot at Etaples, and the training torture that was known as the “Bullring”. On the 25th of July he marched out to the front in a group of Reinforcements and was taken-on-strength by the 34th Battalion (Maitland’s Own) on the 30th of July, at "Hillside Camp", Waterloo Road, near Messines, Belgium.
The 34th Battalion was one of the four Infantry Battalions in the 9th Infantry Brigade (comprising: 33rd, 34th, 35th, and 36th Infantry Battalions, 9th Machine-Gun Company, and the 9th Light Trench Mortar Battery), of the newly raised 3rd Australian Division (9th, 10th, and 11th Infantry Brigades).
He was with the 34th Battalion for the unsuccessful 3rd Division attack on ‘PASSCHENDAELE’ on the 12th of October 1917.
In late March of 1918 the 9th Infantry Brigade was rushed south to ‘the Somme’, in response to a huge new German Offensive (known by the Germans as Operation Michael), and used as a mobile formation being thrown into the line wherever strengthening was needed.
On the 3rd of March 1918 near Bas-Warneton in Belgium, he was WOUNDED-IN-ACTION during a night-time raid on the German trenches, suffering wounds to both his legs. He was admitted to the 10th Australian Field-Ambulance and then transferred to the 2nd Casualty Clearing Station at Trois-Arbres in France. He was then transported and admitted to the 55th General Hospital at Boulogne. On the 10th of March he was invalided back to England where he was admitted to the 1st Southern General Hospital at Edgebaston in Birmingham.
On the 20th of March 1918 he was awarded the MILITARY MEDAL.
He commenced his return to Australia in July of 1918 and was discharged from the AIF on the 12th of November 1918.
He is remembered on the Boggabri War Memorial.
(Bill Durant: January 2020)
The Maitland Daily Mercury, Friday, 7th September, 1917, page 2.

Private: 1672 John Christopher SCHNEIDER.

Private: 1917 Archibald GRAY.  - Private: 1844 James Henry PERRIN. - Private: 1930 Ross Hill TERRAS. - Private: 1117 Arthur Douglas "Weed" ElLBOURNE.  - . Joss MILLER. -

Private: 2160 George Henry LYNDON. - Corporal: 907 Claude Manning TURNER. - Les STEWART. - Private: 2663 Donald Alexander STEWART. MM- Sergeant: 784 Percy Clifton MUDFORD. 

12th October 1917

THE BATTLE OF PASSCHENDAELE I

At 1:30 am rain showers began. By 2:30 am it was raining lightly but steadily, by 3:30 fairly heavily. the infantry moved through the pitch dark in single file. In some battalions each man held on to the equipment of the man ahead of him; if touch was broken, those in front had to come back. The news that the line as reported by the 66th division was not held only just reached the incoming troops. Accordingly, in the right brigade (9th) the leading Company Commanders Captain: Clarence Smith JEFFRIES. V.C. and Captain: Telford Graham GILDER M.C. both of the 34th Battalion stopped their men at the entrance to Broodseinde railway cutting, and themselves went to make sure that their column might not run into the enemy.

At Keerselaarhoek Cemetery they found the tape duly laid, and met the officer of the 36th Battalion who had laid it, and by 3:00 am the time set, the 34th battalion was extended on its jumping-off position. But during the previous halt and afterwards, as it lay on the tape, the battalion was persistently shelled and suffered many casualties.

The first shell killed three signallers. Lieutenant: Albert Leslie WATSON. a signal officer of the 34th Battalion, a brave and enterprising leader who also was at the head of the column was severely wounded and all his staff hit. After establishing a forward command post Lieutenant: Thomas Fraser BRUCE 36th Battalion was also killed. Lieutenant Colonel: John Alexander MILNE. 36th Battalion supervising the assembly was knocked down by a shell but continued to command. Captain, Chaplain: Charles MURPHY was also wounded.

(BEAN; History of World war 1 Vol IV p911) Charles Edwin Woodrow BEAN

Only one Australian Division, the 3rd, was wholly employed in the days offensive. but the division was to capture Passchendaele an in spite of the depressing conditions, it was eager to achieve the distinction of doing so. One unit carried the Australian flag,to be planted in Passchendaele, and although officers and men in general were not enthusiastic concerning such "stunts" the Commander-in-Chief had been informed, and had told General: MONASH that, when this flag was planted, the news would be immediately cabled to Australia.

Some keen spirits looked on the operation simply as a dash for Passchendaele. One young company commander of Monash's reserve battalion, the 33rd, in face of a strict prohibition, led on his company as soon as the barrage fell. Starting from a line 350 yards in rear of the general alignment, the 3rd Division was out of touch with its neighbours from the outset. The heavy shelling on the tapes had made orderly disposition there almost impossible, as German Machine-Guns, undisturbed by the barrage now opened immediately, no opportunity offered of restoring proper formation.

The 9th Brigade went forward in the utmost confusion and a terrible mix up as reported by Captain: Robert Derwent DIXON D.S.O 35th Battalion at 6:40 am and "Great Confusion" was the description given by Captain: Henry Vince CARR 35th Battalion. Even on the ridge, the mud was difficult, the hope, if there ever was one, of catching up before the quick barrage finished.

The 9th Infantry Brigade's intendered direction lay not along the ridge and the Passchendeale road, but diagonally across them, and parallel to the railway, which most of the brigade could not see. As the jumping-off line was practically at right angles to the ridge, the brigade tendered to advance alone the heights. The Machine-Gun fire at the start came, on the 9th Brigade's right, from the ruined house near Defy Crossing; on its centre from, "Hillside Farm"; and on its left from Augustus Wood.

The pillbox opposite the centre was supported from the rear by a trench in which were Germans with Machine-Guns, and here occurred a delay which threatened to wreck to whole attack. it was not until an hour after the programme time that these places were rushed by the neighbouring portion of the line under Captain: Henry Vince CARR and Captain: Robert Derwent DIXON. D.S.O of the 35th Battalion. The trench contained 35 Germans and 4 Machine-Guns. Part of the line was also held up by a pillbox close to Passchendaele road near the highest point of the ridge.

Here there was practically no shelter from attack, but Captain Clarence Smith JEFFRIES. V.C. of the 34th Battalion managed to organise a party, with Sergeant: 21 James BRUCE and another N.C.O Corporal: 2036 Vere Cummings STEVENSON and a dozen men, and outflanking it, charged the place from the rear, capturing 25 Germans and 2 Machine-Guns. These actions set free the advance. The pillbox captured by Captain Clarence Smith JEFFRIES. V.C. being not far short of the first objective, the 34th Battalion dug in there.

Great loss had been uncured; the 34th Battalion had only three officers left and there were wide gaps in the line. The right flank had swung far away from the railway, along which the 4th Division was attacking, but on the left Captain: Telford Graham GILDER M.C. of the 34th Battalion who had been wounded by a Machine-Gun bullet, but was carrying on found the 10th Brigade digging in slightly to his left under Captain: LATCHFORD, 38th Battalion, and fell back seventy yards to join it.

The Advance to the second objective was to begin at 8:25, the low clouds had opened, and fleecy cirrus with patches of blue were widening overhead and the sun had come out. The 9th Brigade had been so late in reaching the first objective that, while most of the 34th Battalion dug in, the 35th Battalion, allotted for the second phase, moved straight on. Standing on the Passchendaele road, Captain: Henry Vince CARR and Captain: Robert Derwent DIXON. D.S.O of the 35th Battalion endevoured to decide where the barrage then was; at first Carr thought it may be behind them, but finally decided that it was ahead.

The confusion at the start had split the brigade into mixed parties of all battalions and many of the 34th went on with the 35th, the main body of which, about 100 in all, now advanced along the south-eastern side of the ridge in order to catch the barrage. The hour was probably a little before that for the second advance. A German Machine-Gun in the gap between the brigade's right and the railway immediately opened with deadly effect.

Major: John Bruce BUCHANAN 36th Battalion, the senior forward officer was killed. At this critical juncture Captain: Clarence Smith JEFFRIES. V.C. of the 34th Battalion, again accompanied by Sergeant: 21 James BRUCE, led out a few men from the first objective and made for the gun. it was shooting in short bursts, and he was able to work up fairly close. Seizing a moment when it was firing to the north, he and his men rushed at it from the west. It was switched round, killing him, and sending his men to the ground.

But when its fire eased they worked round it, rushed the position, seized 25 Germans and 2 Machine-Guns. This gallant and effective action Captain: Clarence Smith JEFFRIES. V.C. was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross for removing the chief danger to the advance along the crest, but as soon as the 35th Battalion crossed to the eastern side of the hill it became the target of a number of field and heavy guns which, from the hedges and other cover in various parts of the landscape, fired over open sights.

After passing a corpse on its right, the 35th Battalion settled down on what its officers took to be the second objective, although on the extreme right they were actually short of the first. Captain: Henry Vince CARR, now the senior officer on the spot, reported; 8:35. On objective, with about 100 Captain: Robert Derwent DIXON. DSO and three officers. Casualties 25 or 30 per cent. Captain: Henry Charles Dight CADELL M.C   Lieutenant: Charles Teesdale MAIN   Lieutenant: Keith Maitland DAY reported killed and Lieutenant: Frank HORNE   Lieutenant: Christopher Kyffin MEARS  Lieutenant: Charles John HENRY were wounded. Prisoners sent back 400-500. Contact on flanks uncertain, being heavily shelled.

Three posts were established under surviving officers, right Lieutenant: Norman Beade D'ARCY M.C centre Lieutenant: Joseph Francis ADAMS left Lieutenant: Harold Sydney WYNDHAM. In this brigade the battalion for the final objective was the 36th, and a report came along that it had gone through. Actually, it had advanced with the 35th, but, on the left, penetrated to the second objective, which bad been reconnoitered during the previous halt by the commander of the company Captain Robert Austin GOLDRICK. M.C.

He went up the road towards Passchendaele. The barrage, he said afterwards was no hindrance to him, although he left the line lying as close to it as possible "or where he thought it was." He was unable to detect the intensification of the barrage for the second phase, but led his men forward at the proper hour.

As no other battalion was there, he now established the line with its left on the road 600 yards from the church, about the point reached by the 66th Division's troops on October 9th. In front of the position Captain: Robert Austin GOLDRICK. M.C. and Lieutenant E.H FLEITER (39th Battalion) found hidden in a shell hole men of the 66th Division. One had a broken arm, the other trench-feet. They took the Australians at first for Germans. When reassured,"we knew the Australians would come," they said, 'We prayed hard."

From the direction of the church, which lay straight down the highway, no fire came. two Germans ran up the road and surrendered. South-east of the village, along the Moorslede road, were the Germans who seemed "very windy," and near the road two 5.9-inch howitzers began to blaze at the troops digging in.

The 9th Brigade had taken its second objective and the 10th its first, but the position of the officers in charge of these advanced lines was full of anxiety. On the eastern slope Captain: Henry Vince CARR 35th Battalion, the senior officer in this part of the 9th Brigade's front, could see the 4th Division somewhat ahead of its right, and by 10:55 he had discovered that the 36th was on the left, but farther left than the 10th Brigade was far behind on its first objective . The German Guns ahead were sniping with dreadful accuracy. Carr on the western slope, sent back for instructions: "what am I to do?"

Word of the true situation reached headquarters slowly. As on the 9th, the first news was all encouraging. General: MONASH in the Ypres ramparts heard shortly after 7 that both brigades were "well away"; but by 8:26 he had ample evidence that the first objective was taken. At 9:25 the intelligence officer examining prisoners (Lieutenant: Frederick Morley CUTLACK Official War Correspondent) reported having heard from the wounded men that the second objective had been reached.

At 10:28 headquarters was informed of a statement of a wounded man, that the 38th Battalion had gone through. A further report that Australians had been seen at Crest Farm although quickly contradicting but probably true nevertheless. Which confirmed Monash's impression that his division was succeeding. Concerning the New Zealand brigade on his left, however, there was no word until, at 10:50, there arrived the tragic information that the New Zealand Division was stopped by the enemy alone the entire front.

Monash has already heard at 9:55 that the 10th Brigade was held up by fire from Bellevue Spur. Believing that his division was still advancing, he asked that every gun that the New Zealand Division could spare should be turned upon that ridge to suppress the fire. Meanwhile, he would order the reserve (39th) battalion of the 10th Brigade to be ready to assist in holding the ground already won. The reserve battalion the (33rd) of the 9th Brigade he was still keeping back to assist in the capture of Passchendaele.

Shortly after noon news of the true situation arrived. Lieutenant Jackson of the 40th Battalion had established at Waterfields pillbox near the Ravebeek a forward report-centre from which a series of messages, admirably accurate, was flashed by lamp to the headquarters of Lieutenant Colonel Lord of the 40th Battalion. Thus Brigadier General McNicoll of the 10th Brigade was able to inform Monash of the precise position of Giblin's Line. He added that the situation was very serious and the casualties very heave. At the same time from the front line of the 9th Brigade arrived a pigeon message, sent by Captain: Richard GADD of the 36th Battalion.

We are on the Blue Line (second objective) with composite force all three battalions, both flanks in the air.

The New Zealand Division was to make a second attempt at 3:00 pm, and Monash was of the opinion that from the 9th Brigade, well forward on the ridge, patrols might still work northward around Crest Farm. His reserve, the 33rd Battalion (9th Brigade), was accordingly ordered to attempt this at 4:30 pm and the 10th Brigade's forward line being meanwhile reinforced by its own reserve, the 39th Battalion.

These orders went out, but none of them were fulfilled. The New Zealand Division had been defeated by obstacles which no hastily renewed bombardment could have overcome. no infantry in the world could have crossed the Ravebeek mud, penetrated the dense wire, and attacked the crowded pillboxes of Bellview with the assistance of a barrage which did not even screen the advance. No blame can attach to the artillery. Its commander, according to the New Zealand official history, had reported on the previous day that his guns might be unable to give efficient support.

This magnificent division, which lost nearly 3,000 men, had been held up in almost exactly the same position as the 49th three days before-the left brigade penetrating half-way to the first objective, the right stopped almost at the start.The Germans were reinforcing. The New Zealand battalion commanders knew that their men had no chance of succeeding by renewed attack, and the order was eventually cancelled.

As for the Australians, of the two battalions that MONASH had now ordered to participate, the 39th had already to a large extent been involved in the fighting, and the 33rd, endevouring to reach its position of readiness for outflanking Passchendaele,had suffered great loss. No less than 6 of its Officers were killed or mortally wounded. Captain: Wilfred Frank HINTON in command of the forward company, Lieutenant Leonard Rockley BROWNLOW  Lieutenant: Thomas Acheson ARMSTRONG   Lieutenant: Albert George KILPATRICK  Lieutenant William REES-REYNOLDS and Lieutenant: Norman Francis GOBLE.

By the time Lieutenant Colonels Henderson DSO 39th Battalion and MORSHEAD attempted to carry Monash's orders, they found that the attacking force of both brigades was back almost at its starting point. What had happened was as follows.

Neither Major: GIBLIN near the Ravenbeek nor Captain: Henry Vince CARR on the ridge had received their messages sent several hours earlier. The 9th Brigade's line was still being battered by the German Guns. Captain: Richard GADD 36th Battalion, whose troops were being wiped out, informed Captain: Henry Vince CARR 35th Battalion that Lieutenant Colonel: John Alexander MILNE D.S.O 36th Battalion had now come forward to Hillside Farm. CARR accordingly sent Captain: Robert Derwent DIXON. D.S.O with GADD to explain to Milne the desperate nature of their situation. Milne said that he would try to get their troops relieved after dark, but till relieved they must hold on.

(BEAN; History of Word War 1 Vol IV page 921) Charles Edwin Woodrow BEAN

Meanwhile, however, the German artillery was annihilating some parts of their line. All leaders of Carr's three posts were out of action. Lieutenant: Joseph Francis ADAMS was Killed in Action and Lieutenant: Norman Beade D'ARCY M.C and Lieutenant: Harold Sydney WYNDHAM were wounded. Of the remaining officers of the 36th Battalion, Major: John Bruce BUCHANAN and Lieutenant: Fredrick William PUTNEY had been Killed in Action and Captain: Robert Austin GOLDRICK M.C wounded. Farther back Lieutenant: Sydney COOK had been Killed in Action and Lieutenant: William WAND and Lieutenant: Herbert Reginald MAILER were wounded.

At 3 o'clock rain began to fall steadily. at 3:15 pm Captain: Richard GADD 36th Battalion, thought agreeing with  Captain: Henry Vince CARR 35th Battalion that to hold on meant annihilation, refused, in view of his Colonel's orders, to retire. Carr consented to wait while Gadd again sent word to Lieutenant Colonel: John Alexander MILNE D.S.O. Carr himself at 12: 30 had sent Captain Robert Derwent DIXON.  D.S.O to the headquarters of the 35th Battalion at " Seine", from which no word had been received all day.

At 3:45 pm, no reply having come from Milne, and Dixon not having returned as he had been kept at 35th Battalion headquarters awaiting the arrival of an order from brigade headquarters concerning the projected operation by the reserve battalion, Gadd agreed to withdraw and Carr sent along the line a note: The 35th Battalion will retire.

When visiting Gadd, Carr had warned the troops of the probable order to withdraw, and he now saw that the left had already begun to retire. He told men whom he passed to get back as fast as they could to the 34th Battalion (which he believed to be on the first objective). Captain: William James GORDON M.C 36th Battalion, strongly dissatisfied with the order, went straight to Lieutenant Colonel: John Alexander MILNE D.S.O urged that the forward position was tenable, and with Milne and Major: John Martin HAWKEY M.C rushed out to stop the withdrawal. But it was too late.

The 34th was not, as Captain: Henry Vince Carr 35th Battalion, believed, on the first objective. The Commander of the line, Captain: John William RICHARDSON 34th Battalion, on hearing of the extreme weakness of the force at the second objective, had reinforced it. He and his only remaining officer's Lieutenant: James Clement BURGES  Lieutenant: Bruce Gray McKENZIE   Lieutenant: John Abbott LONGWORTH had all been Killed in Action while organising on the first objective, and the first objective now lay empty. The retiring troops, being without orders as to the position to be taken up, streamed back past Milne's headquarters.

All that Hawkey, Gordon, Gadd, and others could then do was to lead a fraction of them forward again to the first objective, where they remained during the night. Captain: Robert Derwent DIXON.  D.S.O. with Captain: John Grieve PATERSON adjutant of the 35th, went up to organise the 35th there, but could find none of it's men. When eventually re-formed the remnant of the 35th was temporarily attached as a Company to the 33rd Battalion.

9th-12th October 1917 saw the 3rd Division, 9th and 10th Infantry Brigade in action during the Battle of Passchendaele, which saw massive losses and suffering in the Australian ranks. The casualties numbered 3,199 men in 24 hours during the height battle. The 34th Battalion lost every officer that day, either killed or wounded including their Medical Officer, Major: Gother Robert Carlisle CLARKE and some of his staff were killed while dressing the wounded. The spirit of some of the wounded is illustrated by the case of Corporal: 3170 Winsleigh Alexander MURRAY   35th Battalion, (formerly a Methodist Minister from Newcastle) gave up his place in a queue waiting for stretcher bearers and was never heard of again.

The Battle of Passchendaele saw 60 Officers and 1,322 other ranks loose their lives.

9th Infantry Brigade Casualties.

33rd Battalion. AIF 11 Officers 273 Other ranks
34th Battalion. AIF 15 Officers 323 Other ranks
35th Battalion. AIF 18 Officers 296 Other ranks
36th Battalion. AIF 15 Officers 383 Other ranks
9th Machine Gun Company. AIF 1 Officer 36 Other ranks
9th Light Trench Mortar Battery. - Officer 11 Other ranks

3rd March 1918.

9:00am Weather dull and very cold. Our Artillery fairly active throughout the day, enemy Artillery very quiet. 5:00pm 9th Brigade Raiding Party of 330 strong raided enemy trenches opposite 33rd Battalion Sector on our right. Raid very successful 1 Officer and 11 other ranks being brought back prisoners. 34th Battalion Casualties in the raid were 1 other ranks killed 3 other ranks wounded. There was no Artillery retaliation on our sector.

(34th Battalion War Diary)

Donald was Wounded in Action on the 3rd of March 1918 possibly during this action where he received Gun Shot Wounds to both legs and was treated in the field by the 10th Australian Field Ambulance before being carried by stretcher bearers to the 2nd Australian Casualty Clearing Station. Donald was then transferred to the 55th General Hospital at Boulogne on the 6th of March before being evacuated to England on board the "Cambria" where he was admitted to the 1st Southern General Hospital at Eastbourne.

Donald was recommended and awarded the Military Medal for his actions at Warneton on the 3rd of March 1918.

20th March 1918.

MILITARY MEDAL
for most courageous and devoted service on night 3rd/4th March 1918 during raid on enemy trenches in vicinity of WARNETON. Though wounded in both legs by a bomb, he attacked and bayoneted three enemy single handed clearing a way for the remainder of his party, Despite his wounds he carried on till his task was complete.

London Gazette: 25th April 1918. Page 5037 Position 44.

Commonwealth of Australia Gazette: 7th of August 1918. Page 1657 Position 76.

Donald was transferred to the No:3 and No:2 Command Depot's after being discharged from Hospital and returned to Australia on the 21st of July 1918 and was discharged from the AIF on the 12th of November 1918.

Printed in the Daily Observer (Tamworth, NSW 1917 - 1920) Tue 1 Oct 1918

Family Information
Donald was a single 18 year old Farmer from "Onavale" Maul's Creek, Boggabri, N.S.W. upon enlistment. His parents Donald and Mary Stewart were married in 1885 at Gunnedah, N.S.W. Marriage Cert: 5128/1885 and had 8 children. Margaret C Stewart born 1886 at Gunnedah, N.S.W. Birth Cert: 22064/1886. Jessie Stewart born 1887 at Gunnedah, N.S.W. Birth Cert:22748/1887. Charles W Stewart born 1889 at Gunnedah, N.S.W. Birth Cert:22107/1889. Charlotte J Stewart born 1891 at Boggabri, N.S.W. Birth Cert:7229/1891. Thomas James Stewart born 1893 at Boggabri, N.S.W. Birth Cert:7293/1893 and died in 1943 at Narrandera, N.S.W. Death Cert:28938/1943. Alice Mary Stewart born 1896 at Boggabri, N.S.W. Birth Cert:1807/1896. Donald Alexander Stewart born 1898 at Boggabri, N.S.W. Birth Cert:19509/1898. Ona Mary Stewart born 1900 at Boggabri, N.S.W. Birth Cert:29780/1900.

Boggabri War Memorial, N.S.W

Wedding Photo of Donald Alexander Stewart - Margaret Stewart. nee: Bottrell. 1925. Petersham, New South Wales, Australia.

New South Wales Mounted Police Constable: Donald Alexander Stewart.

Burrowa News (NSW : 1874 - 1951), Friday 18 February 1927, page 7


BURROWA POLICE COURT

FRIDAY, 11th FEBRUARY (Before Mr. Geo. Stevenson, P.M.) CASE OF STEALING

Police v. Victor Leo Noakes, stealing five gramophone records and two packets of jelly crystals, value £1/2/-, at "Moree," near Rye Park, the property of Jeremiah Crossley Mills.

Defendant pleaded not guilty. Donald Alexander Stewart, deposed: I am a police constable and reside at Rye Park; on the 8th October last, I received certain information; in consequence of the information, I subsequently saw Noakes. On the 15th December last, I interviewed the defendant, Victor Leo Noakes at Brookfield, near Bowning. I said to him, "Were you at Vincent Thompson's place on the day of George Daly's funeral?" He said, "Yes, I was." I said, "Did you have any gramophone records there with you?" He said, "Yes, I had seven, I was taking them back to Mr. Mills." I said, "How did you come to get them from Mr. Mills?" He said, "I got them about a fortnight before the funeral; I was going to exchange for them, but I had none good enough." I said, "Who was at the house when you arrived there?" He said, "Mrs. Mills was by herself." I said, "What time of the day?" He said, "Some time before dinner." I said, "Did you have any jelly crystals at Thompson's place the day of the funeral?" He said, "Yes, four or five packets; I am very seldom without jelly crystals." I said, "Where did you get those jelly crystals from?" He said, "I can't really say, but I think I got them at Stevenson's store at Boorowa."

I said, "Did you sell some records to Mrs. Tom Moorby?" He said, "Yes, I did." I said, "Where did you get them from?" He said, "I got 20 odd of them from Percy Johnson, of Rye Park, and about the time I had Mrs. Mills' I bought six in Yass; they were records just like Mrs. Mills.' " I said, "Which store in Yass did you buy them from?" He said, "I can't really say just where I got them, but I think I got some from Kenny's and some from a shop just down the street from Kenny's." I said, "Would you know those records again if, I showed them to you?" He said, "Yes, I think I would." I then showed him five records produced. He said, "Yes, they are the records, I bought at Yass." I then informed him that the records were identical by name with records reported stolen to me, and that I was going to proceed against him by summons for stealing. He said, "Very well, go ahead, I will soon prove to you where I got them." I then asked him was he prepared to make me a statement regarding the jelly crystals and the records. He said, "Yes," and then made a statement in his own handwriting. As it was not too clear I made a copy of it and got him to sign it and now produce it; I read it over to him twice. His sister, from where I got the records, had 20 other records.

Matilda Mills, deposed: I am a married woman and wife of Jeremiah Crossley Mills, and reside at "Moree," near Rye Park. I remember October last. I had a number of gramophone records. They were in the dining room. They were kept in a little cardboard box. That was on the 3rd I gave Constable Stewart a list of records that I had. That is the list produced, which is a complete list. I did not give or lend any of them. I did not give anyone authority to take them. I played them on the Sunday morning, the 3rd of October last; that was the day the defendant was there. My husband and I went away from home that day. We left about 12 or half-past. We returned home between 7 and 8 that evening. I missed some of them on the following Thursday; I missed six of them; they were those marked by me now, and included the whole of those on the list. I own these records.

I missed about 9/- worth of violin strings and two packets of jelly crystals; they were worth £2/5/-. I never said anything to the defendant about exchanging records or lending them. Those produced were similar to those I missed. I never arranged with the accused to sell or dispose of any of them for me. I did not give him any authority to take any. Those records produced are similar to my records. To Accused: I recollect a fortnight before George Daly's funeral; you were not at my home then; you were not there the Tuesday after the funeral. I was at home on both of those days by myself; Jerry was shearing, the children were at school. I never lent you any records; I bought those records from Mr. McIntosh. You were there on the Thursday at my home. I do not know anyone who has records like those. I couldn't say if records could be bought in Yass like those; I bought them at the one place.

Leslie Jeremiah Mills deposed: I am a school-boy and reside at "Moree," near Rye Park. I remember last October. I remember my mother and father being away; that was the 3rd of October. The defend-ant called at the house that day. He said, "Where is your mother and father?" I told him they had gone to George Daly's funeral. It was about 1 p.m. He did not stay very long. He then went away. My brother and I went down to Mrs. Styles'. We went shortly after Noakes left. To Accused: There was nothing left at the house then. You did not meet me on the road on 3rd October. You saw me that day at our house. You did not meet me near Alf. Sheldrick's house, you asked me where I was going; that was at the house. You asked me where my mother was. You did not say you had any records carrying for my mother. I did not say, "Where did you get the records from?" To the Sergeant: When we left the house we locked it up. I put the key under a brick. There were no windows open. I don't know if accused knew where we put the key.

The house was locked up when we returned, as we left. Noakes left for the west at the back of the house; there was only a track there. Victor Leo Noakes, deposed: I am a labourer, residing at Rye Park. I know Mr. and Mrs. Jerry Mills. I was at their home last March. Jerry Mills got me to ride a horse for him; then on the next Saturday he got. About a fortnight before George Daly's funeral I called at Mills' for payment for breaking in a horse. J saw Mrs. Mills; I asked her where Jerry was; she said he was away shearing; she then played a few records. We then had a conversation about exchanging records; she lent me seven. I was to bring my records the next week. When I got home I did not think mine were good enough. In the meanwhile I had been to Yass, and I bought six; I got some of them at Kenny's shop and the rest at Cusack's on the day of George Daly's funeral.

I hid Mrs. Mills' seven records. I had been to Styles' that day; then was going up to Mrs. Mills with her records. I met Les. Mills near Alf. Sheldrick's. I said to Les., "Where is your mother?" He said, "They have just gone to Yass." He said what did I want her for. I said I had her records taking back. He said when did I get them. I said about a fortnight ago. So then I didn't go near Mills' house that day. I went through the paddocks to my brother's-in-law place. I stayed there two days, then I went over to Mrs. Mills' on my way home. I gave her her records back, and I said to Mrs. Mills that my records were not much good. She said it didn't matter; so I then left Mills' place. I went home then to my mother's place; then I didn't hear any more about records till Constable Stewart came to me; he had five records; he asked me did I know them. I had to look at them and said I could swear to some of them. To the Sergeant: I have no receipt for the purchase of the six records. I bought them about a fortnight before the 3rd October, 1926; there was a little girl with the boys when I met them; that was about a mile and a half from their house. I was not at the house. I heard Mrs. Mills say I had not returned the records. I heard her say she had not lent me any records. The P.M. decided to convict, and imposed a fine of £10, also Court costs 14/-, in default two months' hard labour in Goulburn Gaol. Allowed 14 days on entering into surety.

Grave of Donald Alexander Stewart (1898-1971) - Margaret Stewart (1895-1975) Narrandra Cemetery

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Private: 3119 Sydney SMITH. M.M.

34th BATTALION A.I.F.

 Private: 3119 Sydney SMITH. M.M.


Born: 1898. Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia. Birth Cert:

Died: 4th April 1918. Killed in Action Villers-Bretonnuex, France.


Father: James Smith.

Mother: Ethel Smith. nee:.


INFORMATION
Sydney Smith enlisted with the AIF on the 7th November 1916 at Liverpool, N.S.W. before he was allocated to the 7th Reinforcements 34th Battalion AIF on the 28th November 1916 and embarked from Sydney on board HMAT A68 "Anchises" on the 24th January 1017 and disembarked at Devonport England on the 27th March 1917 where he was marched into Isolation at Plymouth until the 7th of April before rejoining the Reinforcements with the 9th Training Battalion at the Durrington Army Camp, Larkhill.

Sydney was transferred to the 63rd Battalion whilst in England on the 28th of April and proceeded overseas for France on the 23rd of August to reinforce the 34th Battalion and was marched in at Rouelles where he went into billets for the next week before marching out to the Front where he was Taken on in Strength with the 34th Battalion on the 2nd of September 1917.

1st October 1917.

ZONNEBKE; Good visibility the Boshe put a heavy Barrage of 5.9 and 4.2 H.E. on our right Support Company (A Company) from 7 am to 9:30 am. The half made trenches were badly knocked about vicinity of  2nd Lieutenant: 11921 Stanley Robert CALLAGHAN. who was killed and 53 other ranks. Airplane activity 2 Huns flew low over front line at 4:00 pm machine gunning out trenches.

34th Battalion War Diary.

12th October 1917

THE BATTLE OF PASSCHENDAELE I

At 1:30 am rain showers began. By 2:30 am it was raining lightly but steadily, by 3:30 fairly heavily. the infantry moved through the pitch dark in single file. In some battalions each man held on to the equipment of the man ahead of him; if touch was broken, those in front had to come back. The news that the line as reported by the 66th division was not held only just reached the incoming troops. Accordingly, in the right brigade (9th) the leading Company Commanders Captain: Clarence Smith JEFFRIES. V.C. and Captain: Telford Graham GILDER M.C. both of the 34th Battalion stopped their men at the entrance to Broodseinde railway cutting, and themselves went to make sure that their column might not run into the enemy.

At Keerselaarhoek Cemetery they found the tape duly laid, and met the officer of the 36th Battalion who had laid it, and by 3:00 am the time set, the 34th battalion was extended on its jumping-off position. But during the previous halt and afterwards, as it lay on the tape, the battalion was persistently shelled and suffered many casualties.

The first shell killed three signallers. Lieutenant: Albert Leslie WATSON. a signal officer of the 34th Battalion, a brave and enterprising leader who also was at the head of the column was severely wounded and all his staff hit. After establishing a forward command post Lieutenant: Thomas Fraser BRUCE 36th Battalion was also killed. Lieutenant Colonel: John Alexander MILNE. 36th Battalion supervising the assembly was knocked down by a shell but continued to command. Captain, Chaplain: Charles MURPHY was also wounded.

(BEAN; History of World war 1 Vol IV p911) Charles Edwin Woodrow BEAN

Only one Australian Division, the 3rd, was wholly employed in the days offensive. but the division was to capture Passchendaele an in spite of the depressing conditions, it was eager to achieve the distinction of doing so. One unit carried the Australian flag,to be planted in Passchendaele, and although officers and men in general were not enthusiastic concerning such "stunts" the Commander-in-Chief had been informed, and had told General: MONASH that, when this flag was planted, the news would be immediately cabled to Australia.

Some keen spirits looked on the operation simply as a dash for Passchendaele. One young company commander of Monash's reserve battalion, the 33rd, in face of a strict prohibition, led on his company as soon as the barrage fell. Starting from a line 350 yards in rear of the general alignment, the 3rd Division was out of touch with its neighbours from the outset. The heavy shelling on the tapes had made orderly disposition there almost impossible, as German Machine-Guns, undisturbed by the barrage now opened immediately, no opportunity offered of restoring proper formation.

The 9th Brigade went forward in the utmost confusion and a terrible mix up as reported by Captain: Robert Derwent DIXON D.S.O 35th Battalion at 6:40 am and "Great Confusion" was the description given by Captain: Henry Vince CARR 35th Battalion. Even on the ridge, the mud was difficult, the hope, if there ever was one, of catching up before the quick barrage finished.

The 9th Infantry Brigade's intendered direction lay not along the ridge and the Passchendeale road, but diagonally across them, and parallel to the railway, which most of the brigade could not see. As the jumping-off line was practically at right angles to the ridge, the brigade tendered to advance alone the heights. The Machine-Gun fire at the start came, on the 9th Brigade's right, from the ruined house near Defy Crossing; on its centre from, "Hillside Farm"; and on its left from Augustus Wood.

The pillbox opposite the centre was supported from the rear by a trench in which were Germans with Machine-Guns, and here occurred a delay which threatened to wreck to whole attack. it was not until an hour after the programme time that these places were rushed by the neighbouring portion of the line under Captain: Henry Vince CARR and Captain: Robert Derwent DIXON. D.S.O of the 35th Battalion. The trench contained 35 Germans and 4 Machine-Guns. Part of the line was also held up by a pillbox close to Passchendaele road near the highest point of the ridge.

Here there was practically no shelter from attack, but Captain Clarence Smith JEFFRIES. V.C. of the 34th Battalion managed to organise a party, with Sergeant: 21 James BRUCE and another N.C.O Corporal: 2036 Vere Cummings STEVENSON and a dozen men, and outflanking it, charged the place from the rear, capturing 25 Germans and 2 Machine-Guns. These actions set free the advance. The pillbox captured by Captain Clarence Smith JEFFRIES. V.C. being not far short of the first objective, the 34th Battalion dug in there.

Great loss had been uncured; the 34th Battalion had only three officers left and there were wide gaps in the line. The right flank had swung far away from the railway, along which the 4th Division was attacking, but on the left Captain: Telford Graham GILDER M.C. of the 34th Battalion who had been wounded by a Machine-Gun bullet, but was carrying on found the 10th Brigade digging in slightly to his left under Captain: LATCHFORD, 38th Battalion, and fell back seventy yards to join it.

The Advance to the second objective was to begin at 8:25, the low clouds had opened, and fleecy cirrus with patches of blue were widening overhead and the sun had come out. The 9th Brigade had been so late in reaching the first objective that, while most of the 34th Battalion dug in, the 35th Battalion, allotted for the second phase, moved straight on. Standing on the Passchendaele road, Captain: Henry Vince CARR and Captain: Robert Derwent DIXON. D.S.O of the 35th Battalion endevoured to decide where the barrage then was; at first Carr thought it may be behind them, but finally decided that it was ahead.

The confusion at the start had split the brigade into mixed parties of all battalions and many of the 34th went on with the 35th, the main body of which, about 100 in all, now advanced along the south-eastern side of the ridge in order to catch the barrage. The hour was probably a little before that for the second advance. A German Machine-Gun in the gap between the brigade's right and the railway immediately opened with deadly effect.

Major: John Bruce BUCHANAN 36th Battalion, the senior forward officer was killed. At this critical juncture Captain: Clarence Smith JEFFRIES. V.C. of the 34th Battalion, again accompanied by Sergeant: 21 James BRUCE, led out a few men from the first objective and made for the gun. it was shooting in short bursts, and he was able to work up fairly close. Seizing a moment when it was firing to the north, he and his men rushed at it from the west. It was switched round, killing him, and sending his men to the ground.

But when its fire eased they worked round it, rushed the position, seized 25 Germans and 2 Machine-Guns. This gallant and effective action Captain: Clarence Smith JEFFRIES. V.C. was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross for removing the chief danger to the advance along the crest, but as soon as the 35th Battalion crossed to the eastern side of the hill it became the target of a number of field and heavy guns which, from the hedges and other cover in various parts of the landscape, fired over open sights.

After passing a corpse on its right, the 35th Battalion settled down on what its officers took to be the second objective, although on the extreme right they were actually short of the first. Captain: Henry Vince CARR, now the senior officer on the spot, reported; 8:35. On objective, with about 100 Captain: Robert Derwent DIXON. DSO and three officers. Casualties 25 or 30 per cent. Captain: Henry Charles Dight CADELL M.C   Lieutenant: Charles Teesdale MAIN   Lieutenant: Keith Maitland DAY reported killed and Lieutenant: Frank HORNE   Lieutenant: Christopher Kyffin MEARS  Lieutenant: Charles John HENRY were wounded. Prisoners sent back 400-500. Contact on flanks uncertain, being heavily shelled.

Three posts were established under surviving officers, right Lieutenant: Norman Beade D'ARCY M.C centre Lieutenant: Joseph Francis ADAMS left Lieutenant: Harold Sydney WYNDHAM. In this brigade the battalion for the final objective was the 36th, and a report came along that it had gone through. Actually, it had advanced with the 35th, but, on the left, penetrated to the second objective, which bad been reconnoitered during the previous halt by the commander of the company Captain Robert Austin GOLDRICK. M.C.

He went up the road towards Passchendaele. The barrage, he said afterwards was no hindrance to him, although he left the line lying as close to it as possible "or where he thought it was." He was unable to detect the intensification of the barrage for the second phase, but led his men forward at the proper hour.

As no other battalion was there, he now established the line with its left on the road 600 yards from the church, about the point reached by the 66th Division's troops on October 9th. In front of the position Captain: Robert Austin GOLDRICK. M.C. and Lieutenant E.H FLEITER (39th Battalion) found hidden in a shell hole men of the 66th Division. One had a broken arm, the other trench-feet. They took the Australians at first for Germans. When reassured,"we knew the Australians would come," they said, 'We prayed hard."

From the direction of the church, which lay straight down the highway, no fire came. two Germans ran up the road and surrendered. South-east of the village, along the Moorslede road, were the Germans who seemed "very windy," and near the road two 5.9-inch howitzers began to blaze at the troops digging in.

The 9th Brigade had taken its second objective and the 10th its first, but the position of the officers in charge of these advanced lines was full of anxiety. On the eastern slope Captain: Henry Vince CARR 35th Battalion, the senior officer in this part of the 9th Brigade's front, could see the 4th Division somewhat ahead of its right, and by 10:55 he had discovered that the 36th was on the left, but farther left than the 10th Brigade was far behind on its first objective . The German Guns ahead were sniping with dreadful accuracy. Carr on the western slope, sent back for instructions: "what am I to do?"

Word of the true situation reached headquarters slowly. As on the 9th, the first news was all encouraging. General: MONASH in the Ypres ramparts heard shortly after 7 that both brigades were "well away"; but by 8:26 he had ample evidence that the first objective was taken. At 9:25 the intelligence officer examining prisoners (Lieutenant: Frederick Morley CUTLACK Official War Correspondent) reported having heard from the wounded men that the second objective had been reached.

At 10:28 headquarters was informed of a statement of a wounded man, that the 38th Battalion had gone through. A further report that Australians had been seen at Crest Farm although quickly contradicting but probably true nevertheless. Which confirmed Monash's impression that his division was succeeding. Concerning the New Zealand brigade on his left, however, there was no word until, at 10:50, there arrived the tragic information that the New Zealand Division was stopped by the enemy alone the entire front.

Monash has already heard at 9:55 that the 10th Brigade was held up by fire from Bellevue Spur. Believing that his division was still advancing, he asked that every gun that the New Zealand Division could spare should be turned upon that ridge to suppress the fire. Meanwhile, he would order the reserve (39th) battalion of the 10th Brigade to be ready to assist in holding the ground already won. The reserve battalion the (33rd) of the 9th Brigade he was still keeping back to assist in the capture of Passchendaele.

Shortly after noon news of the true situation arrived. Lieutenant Jackson of the 40th Battalion had established at Waterfields pillbox near the Ravebeek a forward report-centre from which a series of messages, admirably accurate, was flashed by lamp to the headquarters of Lieutenant Colonel Lord of the 40th Battalion. Thus Brigadier General McNicoll of the 10th Brigade was able to inform Monash of the precise position of Giblin's Line. He added that the situation was very serious and the casualties very heave. At the same time from the front line of the 9th Brigade arrived a pigeon message, sent by Captain: Richard GADD of the 36th Battalion.

We are on the Blue Line (second objective) with composite force all three battalions, both flanks in the air.

The New Zealand Division was to make a second attempt at 3:00 pm, and Monash was of the opinion that from the 9th Brigade, well forward on the ridge, patrols might still work northward around Crest Farm. His reserve, the 33rd Battalion (9th Brigade), was accordingly ordered to attempt this at 4:30 pm and the 10th Brigade's forward line being meanwhile reinforced by its own reserve, the 39th Battalion.

These orders went out, but none of them were fulfilled. The New Zealand Division had been defeated by obstacles which no hastily renewed bombardment could have overcome. no infantry in the world could have crossed the Ravebeek mud, penetrated the dense wire, and attacked the crowded pillboxes of Bellview with the assistance of a barrage which did not even screen the advance. No blame can attach to the artillery. Its commander, according to the New Zealand official history, had reported on the previous day that his guns might be unable to give efficient support.

This magnificent division, which lost nearly 3,000 men, had been held up in almost exactly the same position as the 49th three days before-the left brigade penetrating half-way to the first objective, the right stopped almost at the start.The Germans were reinforcing. The New Zealand battalion commanders knew that their men had no chance of succeeding by renewed attack, and the order was eventually cancelled.

As for the Australians, of the two battalions that MONASH had now ordered to participate, the 39th had already to a large extent been involved in the fighting, and the 33rd, endevouring to reach its position of readiness for outflanking Passchendaele,had suffered great loss. No less than 6 of its Officers were killed or mortally wounded. Captain: Wilfred Frank HINTON in command of the forward company, Lieutenant Leonard Rockley BROWNLOW  Lieutenant: Thomas Acheson ARMSTRONG   Lieutenant: Albert George KILPATRICK  Lieutenant William REES-REYNOLDS and Lieutenant: Norman Francis GOBLE.

By the time Lieutenant Colonels Henderson DSO 39th Battalion and MORSHEAD attempted to carry Monash's orders, they found that the attacking force of both brigades was back almost at its starting point. What had happened was as follows.

Neither Major: GIBLIN near the Ravenbeek nor Captain: Henry Vince CARR on the ridge had received their messages sent several hours earlier. The 9th Brigade's line was still being battered by the German Guns. Captain: Richard GADD 36th Battalion, whose troops were being wiped out, informed Captain: Henry Vince CARR 35th Battalion that Lieutenant Colonel: John Alexander MILNE D.S.O 36th Battalion had now come forward to Hillside Farm. CARR accordingly sent Captain: Robert Derwent DIXON. D.S.O with GADD to explain to Milne the desperate nature of their situation. Milne said that he would try to get their troops relieved after dark, but till relieved they must hold on.

(BEAN; History of Word War 1 Vol IV page 921) Charles Edwin Woodrow BEAN

Meanwhile, however, the German artillery was annihilating some parts of their line. All leaders of Carr's three posts were out of action. Lieutenant: Joseph Francis ADAMS was Killed in Action and Lieutenant: Norman Beade D'ARCY M.C and Lieutenant: Harold Sydney WYNDHAM were wounded. Of the remaining officers of the 36th Battalion, Major: John Bruce BUCHANAN and Lieutenant: Fredrick William PUTNEY had been Killed in Action and Captain: Robert Austin GOLDRICK M.C wounded. Farther back Lieutenant: Sydney COOK had been Killed in Action and Lieutenant: William WAND and Lieutenant: Herbert Reginald MAILER were wounded.

At 3 o'clock rain began to fall steadily. at 3:15 pm Captain: Richard GADD 36th Battalion, thought agreeing with  Captain: Henry Vince CARR 35th Battalion that to hold on meant annihilation, refused, in view of his Colonel's orders, to retire. Carr consented to wait while Gadd again sent word to Lieutenant Colonel: John Alexander MILNE D.S.O. Carr himself at 12: 30 had sent Captain Robert Derwent DIXON.  D.S.O to the headquarters of the 35th Battalion at " Seine", from which no word had been received all day.

At 3:45 pm, no reply having come from Milne, and Dixon not having returned as he had been kept at 35th Battalion headquarters awaiting the arrival of an order from brigade headquarters concerning the projected operation by the reserve battalion, Gadd agreed to withdraw and Carr sent along the line a note: The 35th Battalion will retire.

When visiting Gadd, Carr had warned the troops of the probable order to withdraw, and he now saw that the left had already begun to retire. He told men whom he passed to get back as fast as they could to the 34th Battalion (which he believed to be on the first objective). Captain: William James GORDON M.C 36th Battalion, strongly dissatisfied with the order, went straight to Lieutenant Colonel: John Alexander MILNE D.S.O urged that the forward position was tenable, and with Milne and Major: John Martin HAWKEY M.C rushed out to stop the withdrawal. But it was too late.

The 34th was not, as Captain: Henry Vince Carr 35th Battalion, believed, on the first objective. The Commander of the line, Captain: John William RICHARDSON 34th Battalion, on hearing of the extreme weakness of the force at the second objective, had reinforced it. He and his only remaining officer's Lieutenant: James Clement BURGES  Lieutenant: Bruce Gray McKENZIE   Lieutenant: John Abbott LONGWORTH had all been Killed in Action while organising on the first objective, and the first objective now lay empty. The retiring troops, being without orders as to the position to be taken up, streamed back past Milne's headquarters.

All that Hawkey, Gordon, Gadd, and others could then do was to lead a fraction of them forward again to the first objective, where they remained during the night. Captain: Robert Derwent DIXON.  D.S.O. with Captain: John Grieve PATERSON adjutant of the 35th, went up to organise the 35th there, but could find none of it's men. When eventually re-formed the remnant of the 35th was temporarily attached as a Company to the 33rd Battalion.

9th-12th October 1917 saw the 3rd Division, 9th and 10th Infantry Brigade in action during the Battle of Passchendaele, which saw massive losses and suffering in the Australian ranks. The casualties numbered 3,199 men in 24 hours during the height battle. The 34th Battalion lost every officer that day, either killed or wounded including their Medical Officer, Major: Gother Robert Carlisle CLARKE and some of his staff were killed while dressing the wounded. The spirit of some of the wounded is illustrated by the case of Corporal: 3170 Winsleigh Alexander MURRAY   35th Battalion, (formerly a Methodist Minister from Newcastle) gave up his place in a queue waiting for stretcher bearers and was never heard of again.

The Battle of Passchendaele saw 60 Officers and 1,322 other ranks loose their lives.

9th Infantry Brigade Casualties.

33rd Battalion. AIF 11 Officers 273 Other ranks
34th Battalion. AIF 15 Officers 323 Other ranks
35th Battalion. AIF 18 Officers 296 Other ranks
36th Battalion. AIF 15 Officers 383 Other ranks
9th Machine Gun Company. AIF 1 Officer 36 Other ranks
9th Light Trench Mortar Battery. - Officer 11 Other ranks

WARNETON
3rd March 1918.

9:00am. Weather dull and very cold. Our Artillery fairly active throughout the day, Enemy Artillery quiet. 11:45am. 9th Infantry Brigade Raiding Party of 300 strong racked enemy trenches opposite 33rd Battalion Sector on our right. Raid very successful 1 Officer 11 other ranks being brought back prisoners. 34th Battalion casualties in the raid were 1 other ranks Killed 3 other ranks Wounded. There was no Artillery retaliation on our Sector.

(34th Battalion War Diary)

Lance Corporal: 2597 John Henry JOHNSTON.

20th March 1918.

MILITARY MEDAL
For conspicuous gallantry and initiative on night of 3rd/4th March 1918 during raid on enemy trenches in vicinity of WARNETON. When his party was held up in the trench by enemy bombers, he sprang to the parapet, rushed in behind the enemy and attacked from the rear. Some were killed and the remainder captured. His prompt action materially assisted the advance of his party and the whole of the left assault.

Strength of Raiding Party - 15 Officers 300 other ranks.

Commonwealth of Australia Gazette 7th August 1918. Page 1658 Position 4.

London Gazette 25th April 1918. Page 5037 Position 43.

30th March 1918.

9:30 am: weather wet, Battalion left CACHY and marched to BOIS LE ABBE, where they bivouaced in readiness to go forward as Counter attack troops. "B" Teams were sent to BLANGY-TRONVILLE. Battalion moved up as support Battalion to 33rd Battalion AIF who were attacking on north side of BOIS DE HANGARD and LANCERS WOOD. Battalion moved West and south of CACHY when approaching BOIS DE HANGARD advanced in Artillery formation. Battalion halted just north of BOIS DE HANGARD in position of readiness to support 33rd Battalion AIF.

6:00 pm: About 6:00 pm A Company 34th Battalion was detailed to go forward to report to Commanding Officer 33rd Battalion AIF who were on left flank of attack. In moving up A Company extended into 4 lines of skirmishes and laid down with cover fire from line near 33rd Battalion Headquarters. Officer Commanding A Company Captain: Telford Graham GILDER went forward to reconnoiter 33rd Battalion's line. B Company 33rd Battalion was found to have suffered heavy casualties and enemy were still holding the top of ridge. It was therefore decided to attack enemy's position on ridge.

Shortly before 8:00 pm A Company 34th Battalion moved forward in two waves each of two platoons. When 100 yards in rear of 33rd Battalion Head Quarters the 2nd wave inclined to the left and came up on the left of the leading wave and the whole Company attacked the ridge in one line. The enemy were driving out of what apparently was there Picquet Line where two Machine Guns were captured. The line extended its advance and drove the enemy out of his continuous line at the point of a bayonet, and advanced a further 50 yards at this point 7 prisoners were captured, 4 of whom actually went prisoners rage.

The number of enemy casualties was estimated at 60 killed and wounded. Machine Gun fire was very heavy from enemy lines on the left flank and was responsible for the death of 2nd Lieutenant: 1973 Reuben PARKES a very gallant officer and most of the casualties were suffered by this company. The enemy continuous trench system was then occupied for about 2 hours. In the meantime patrols were sent out to the right flank to try to establish communication with the 33rd Battalion AIF. These patrols encountered enemy posts behind our own line on this flank. Touch was eventually gained through a patrol of the 33rd Battalion under Captain: Telford Graham GILDER. On information received from Lieutenant: 916 Robert Cecil KING That it was impossible for the 33rd Battalion to push forward on to the line which the 34th Battalion were holding, it was decided to move back to the line which the 33rd Battalion had then dug in on about 250 yards to our rear.

We then dug in our men filling a gap of about 650 yards in the 33rd Battalion line apparently the enemy did not discover our tactical withdrawal until sometime later at about 1:30 am, the enemy appeared on the sky line advancing in extended order. This apparent counter attack was completely broken up by our Machine Gun and Lewis Gun fire. About 3:00 am "A" Company 34th Battalion were relieved by a Survey Regiment Company then moved to CACHY. "B" Company 34th Battalion also occupied a position in 33rd Battalion line but did no actual fighting and had no casualties.

34th Battalion War Diary

4th-5th April 1918

The First VILLERS-BRETONNEUX
The Strength of the 9th Infantry Brigade was about 2,250 but their casulties during the 2 days of fighting numbered 30 Officers and 635 men either killed in action or missing.

9th Infantry Brigade Casualties.4th-5th April 1918

33rd Battalion. AIF 3 Officers 82 Other ranks
34th Battalion. AIF 5 Officers 120 Other ranks
35th Battalion. AIF 9 Officers 282 Other ranks (including 44 missing)
36th Battalion. AIF 12 Officers 133 Other ranks (including 1 missing)
9th Machine Gun Company. AIF 1 Officer 18 Other ranks (including 4 missing)

Sydney Killed in Action during this action on the 4th April 1818.

 

Cricifix Corner original wooden cross

Crucifix Corner Cemetery, France.

Sydney was  Killed in Action on the 4th April 1918 at Villers-Bretonnuex, France. and is remembered with honour and is commemorated in perpetuity by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission at the Crucifix Corner Cemetery.

18th June 1918.

Informant: Private: 3151 James MORRISON I knew Private: 3119 Sydney SMITH we came out together in the "Anchises" in the 7th Reinforcements to the 34th Battalion. He lived near Sydney. He was young tall fellow, dark and had the High Moustash. On the 4th April we were in front of Villers-Bretonneux going up to counter attack. One of the shells fell short and wounded SMITH. He died shortly after. I was there and saw it but I don't think his body was carried off the field

Australian Camp, Rouelles, France.

18th June 1918.

Informant; Corporal: 3011 Stratford George BIRD.  Private: 3119 Sydney SMITH came over with me in the 7th Reinforcements, "Anchises" on the 21st January 1917, big man with a thin face, fair hair and complexion, 25 years. Corporal: 2604 Athol Goodwin KIRKLAND of B Company (Since Killed) told me that SMITH was shot dead through the head with a bullet at Villers-Bretonneux end of March or early April, that is all I know.

No: 1 General Hospital.

30th July 1918.

Informant; Private: 2280 Eric Lionel BUTTERWORTH. I knew Private: 3119 Sydney SMITH and was within a few yards of a hill at Villers-Bretonneux when he was hit by one of our own shells falling short and he was wounded. He died on the stretcher as he was being carried to the dressing station on April 4th 1918, not March as stated in reports. It was the last time when we were going forward to recapture some trenches lost by another Battalion during the day. SMITH was buried in a cemetery near to Villers-Bretonneux. He was Lieutenant: 10480 Robert WIGHT'S Orderly.

Napsbury War Hospital, St Albans, England.

3rd August 1918.

Informant; Sergeant: 1957 Joseph BROADBENT On March 4th 1918 at Villers-Bretonneux while defending the line Private: 3119 Sydney SMITH was killed. He was servant to Lieutenant:10480 Robert WIGHT 34th Battalion C Company AIF. Informant thinks the above Officer could give further particulars.

1st London General Hospital, Camberwell.

15th August 1918.

Informant; Lieutenant: 10480 Robert WIGHT Re the late Private: 3119 Sydney SMITH He was about 20 years of age, dark hair, 5' 9" and sturdily built. He was killed about midnight on the night fo the 4-5/4/1918 by shell fire. His body was placed in the aerodrome at Villers-Bretonneux by our company stretcher bearers, one since killed, the other in hospital wounded. He was buried outside the aerodrome at Villers-Bretonneux by our Battalion Pioneers. The grave is not in a registered Cemetery but weather a Cross still marks the grave I cannot say, as until the recent battle the aerodrome was the scene of bitter fighting. If ever I have the opportunity I will visit the spot and give you further information. He was my Bateman, and a good brave lad. I feel sure the grave will be registered and probably his parents will be able to get a photo of it on application to the G.R. Authorities.

France.

(Studio photo: Steven and Trish Little: March 2019)

Family Information

Sydney was a single 18 year old Storeman from 161 Bourke Street, Surry Hills, N.S.W. upon enlistment.

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© Commonwealth of Australia (National Archives of Australia)

Under Construction; 14/11/2009-2/12/2016.

 

Private: 1162 Charles KENDRICK.

34th BATTALION A.I.F.

Private: 1162 Charles KENDRICK.


Born: 26th December 1887. Glen Innes, New South Wales, Australia. Birth Cert:21697/1888.

Married: 1908. Cessnock, New South Wales, Australia. Marriage Cert:10604/1908.

Wife: Catherine May Kendrick. nee: Wilson. (1889-1937)

Died: 15th October 1917. Died of Wounds Passchendaele, France.


Father: Henry Kendrick. (1852-1927)

Mother: Ellen Kendrick. nee: Sheehan. (1853-1936).


INFORMATION
Charles Kendrick enlisted with the D Company 34th Battalion AIF on the 11th of February 1916 and was an original member of the Battalion and left Sydney on board HMAT A20 "Hororata" on the 2nd of May 1916 and disembarked at Plymouth, England on the 23rd of June. Charles was marched to the 9th Training Battalion at Larks Hill but a week later he was admitted to the Military Hospital at Fargo on the 30th of June. After nearly a month in hospital Charles returned to training on the 25th of July and a month later he proceeded overseas for France via Southampton on the 23rd of August.

Charles arrived in France and was Taken on in Strength to reinforce the 34th Battalion in the field on the 2nd of September and on the 21st of September Charles found himself in trouble when he was found drunk and was Charged with being Whilst on Active Service, DRUNKENNESS and Award 4 days pay by Major: Walter Arthur Le Roy FRY total forfeiture 4 Days Pay. on the 8th of October just before the Brigades big push at Passchendaele.

12th October 1917

THE BATTLE OF PASSCHENDAELE I

At 1:30 am rain showers began. By 2:30 am it was raining lightly but steadily, by 3:30 fairly heavily. the infantry moved through the pitch dark in single file. In some battalions each man held on to the equipment of the man ahead of him; if touch was broken, those in front had to come back. The news that the line as reported by the 66th division was not held only just reached the incoming troops. Accordingly, in the right brigade (9th) the leading Company Commanders Captain: Clarence Smith JEFFRIES. V.C. and Captain: Telford Graham GILDER M.C. both of the 34th Battalion stopped their men at the entrance to Broodseinde railway cutting, and themselves went to make sure that their column might not run into the enemy.

At Keerselaarhoek Cemetery they found the tape duly laid, and met the officer of the 36th Battalion who had laid it, and by 3:00 am the time set, the 34th battalion was extended on its jumping-off position. But during the previous halt and afterwards, as it lay on the tape, the battalion was persistently shelled and suffered many casualties.

The first shell killed three signallers. Lieutenant: Albert Leslie WATSON. a signal officer of the 34th Battalion, a brave and enterprising leader who also was at the head of the column was severely wounded and all his staff hit. After establishing a forward command post Lieutenant: Thomas Fraser BRUCE 36th Battalion was also killed. Lieutenant Colonel: John Alexander MILNE. 36th Battalion supervising the assembly was knocked down by a shell but continued to command. Captain, Chaplain: Charles MURPHY was also wounded.

(BEAN; History of World war 1 Vol IV p911) Charles Edwin Woodrow BEAN

Only one Australian Division, the 3rd, was wholly employed in the days offensive. but the division was to capture Passchendaele an in spite of the depressing conditions, it was eager to achieve the distinction of doing so. One unit carried the Australian flag, to be planted in Passchendaele, and although officers and men in general were not enthusiastic concerning such "stunts" the Commander-in-Chief had been informed, and had told General: MONASH that, when this flag was planted, the news would be immediately cabled to Australia.

Some keen spirits looked on the operation simply as a dash for Passchendaele. One young company commander of Monash's reserve battalion, the 33rd, in face of a strict prohibition, led on his company as soon as the barrage fell. Starting from a line 350 yards in rear of the general alignment, the 3rd Division was out of touch with its neighbours from the outset. The heavy shelling on the tapes had made orderly disposition there almost impossible, as German Machine-Guns, undisturbed by the barrage now opened immediately, no opportunity offered of restoring proper formation.

The 9th Brigade went forward in the utmost confusion and a terrible mix up as reported by Captain: Robert Derwent DIXON D.S.O 35th Battalion at 6:40 am and "Great Confusion" was the description given by Captain: Henry Vince CARR 35th Battalion. Even on the ridge, the mud was difficult, the hope, if there ever was one, of catching up before the quick barrage finished.

The 9th Infantry Brigade's intended direction lay not along the ridge and the Passchendeale road, but diagonally across them, and parallel to the railway, which most of the brigade could not see. As the jumping-off line was practically at right angles to the ridge, the brigade tendered to advance alone the heights. The Machine-Gun fire at the start came, on the 9th Brigade's right, from the ruined house near Defy Crossing; on its center from, "Hillside Farm"; and on its left from Augustus Wood.

The pillbox opposite the center was supported from the rear by a trench in which were Germans with Machine-Guns, and here occurred a delay which threatened to wreck to whole attack. it was not until an hour after the program time that these places were rushed by the neighbouring portion of the line under Captain: Henry Vince CARR and Captain: Robert Derwent DIXON. D.S.O of the 35th Battalion. The trench contained 35 Germans and 4 Machine-Guns. Part of the line was also held up by a pillbox close to Passchendaele road near the highest point of the ridge.

Here there was practically no shelter from attack, but Captain Clarence Smith JEFFRIES. V.C. of the 34th Battalion managed to organise a party, with Sergeant: 21 James BRUCE and another N.C.O Corporal: 2036 Vere Cummings STEVENSON and a dozen men, and outflanking it, charged the place from the rear, capturing 25 Germans and 2 Machine-Guns. These actions set free the advance. The pillbox captured by Captain Clarence Smith JEFFRIES. V.C. being not far short of the first objective, the 34th Battalion dug in there.

Great loss had been uncured; the 34th Battalion had only three officers left and there were wide gaps in the line. The right flank had swung far away from the railway, along which the 4th Division was attacking, but on the left Captain: Telford Graham GILDER M.C. of the 34th Battalion who had been wounded by a Machine-Gun bullet, but was carrying on found the 10th Brigade digging in slightly to his left under Captain: LATCHFORD, 38th Battalion, and fell back seventy yards to join it.

The Advance to the second objective was to begin at 8:25, the low clouds had opened, and fleecy cirrus with patches of blue were widening overhead and the sun had come out. The 9th Brigade had been so late in reaching the first objective that, while most of the 34th Battalion dug in, the 35th Battalion, allotted for the second phase, moved straight on. Standing on the Passchendaele road, Captain: Henry Vince CARR and Captain: Robert Derwent DIXON. D.S.O of the 35th Battalion endevoured to decide where the barrage then was; at first Carr thought it may be behind them, but finally decided that it was ahead.

The confusion at the start had split the brigade into mixed parties of all battalions and many of the 34th went on with the 35th, the main body of which, about 100 in all, now advanced along the south-eastern side of the ridge in order to catch the barrage. The hour was probably a little before that for the second advance. A German Machine-Gun in the gap between the brigade's right and the railway immediately opened with deadly effect.

Major: John Bruce BUCHANAN 36th Battalion, the senior forward officer was killed. At this critical juncture Captain: Clarence Smith JEFFRIES. V.C. of the 34th Battalion, again accompanied by Sergeant: 21 James BRUCE, led out a few men from the first objective and made for the gun. it was shooting in short bursts, and he was able to work up fairly close. Seizing a moment when it was firing to the north, he and his men rushed at it from the west. It was switched round, killing him, and sending his men to the ground.

But when its fire eased they worked round it, rushed the position, seized 25 Germans and 2 Machine-Guns. This gallant and effective action Captain: Clarence Smith JEFFRIES. V.C. was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross for removing the chief danger to the advance along the crest, but as soon as the 35th Battalion crossed to the eastern side of the hill it became the target of a number of field and heavy guns which, from the hedges and other cover in various parts of the landscape, fired over open sights.

After passing a corpse on its right, the 35th Battalion settled down on what its officers took to be the second objective, although on the extreme right they were actually short of the first. Captain: Henry Vince CARR, now the senior officer on the spot, reported; 8:35. On objective, with about 100 Captain: Robert Derwent DIXON. DSO and three officers. Casualties 25 or 30 per cent. Captain: Henry Charles Dight CADELL M.C   Lieutenant: Charles Teesdale MAIN   Lieutenant: Keith Maitland DAY reported killed and Lieutenant: Frank HORNE   Lieutenant: Christopher Kyffin MEARS  Lieutenant: Charles John HENRY were wounded. Prisoners sent back 400-500. Contact on flanks uncertain, being heavily shelled.

Three posts were established under surviving officers, right Lieutenant: Norman Beade D'ARCY M.C centre Lieutenant: Joseph Francis ADAMS left Lieutenant: Harold Sydney WYNDHAM. In this brigade the battalion for the final objective was the 36th, and a report came along that it had gone through. Actually, it had advanced with the 35th, but, on the left, penetrated to the second objective, which bad been reconnoitered during the previous halt by the commander of the company Captain Robert Austin GOLDRICK. M.C.

He went up the road towards Passchendaele. The barrage, he said afterwards was no hindrance to him, although he left the line lying as close to it as possible "or where he thought it was." He was unable to detect the intensification of the barrage for the second phase, but led his men forward at the proper hour.

As no other battalion was there, he now established the line with its left on the road 600 yards from the church, about the point reached by the 66th Division's troops on October 9th. In front of the position Captain: Robert Austin GOLDRICK. M.C. and Lieutenant E.H FLEITER (39th Battalion) found hidden in a shell hole men of the 66th Division. One had a broken arm, the other trench-feet. They took the Australians at first for Germans. When reassured,"we knew the Australians would come," they said, 'We prayed hard."

From the direction of the church, which lay straight down the highway, no fire came. two Germans ran up the road and surrendered. South-east of the village, along the Moorslede road, were the Germans who seemed "very windy," and near the road two 5.9-inch howitzers began to blaze at the troops digging in.

The 9th Brigade had taken its second objective and the 10th its first, but the position of the officers in charge of these advanced lines was full of anxiety. On the eastern slope Captain: Henry Vince CARR 35th Battalion, the senior officer in this part of the 9th Brigade's front, could see the 4th Division somewhat ahead of its right, and by 10:55 he had discovered that the 36th was on the left, but farther left than the 10th Brigade was far behind on its first objective . The German Guns ahead were sniping with dreadful accuracy. Carr on the western slope, sent back for instructions: "what am I to do?"

Word of the true situation reached headquarters slowly. As on the 9th, the first news was all encouraging. General: MONASH in the Ypres ramparts heard shortly after 7 that both brigades were "well away"; but by 8:26 he had ample evidence that the first objective was taken. At 9:25 the intelligence officer examining prisoners (Lieutenant: Frederick Morley CUTLACK Official War Correspondent) reported having heard from the wounded men that the second objective had been reached.

At 10:28 headquarters was informed of a statement of a wounded man, that the 38th Battalion had gone through. A further report that Australians had been seen at Crest Farm although quickly contradicting but probably true nevertheless. Which confirmed Monash's impression that his division was succeeding. Concerning the New Zealand brigade on his left, however, there was no word until, at 10:50, there arrived the tragic information that the New Zealand Division was stopped by the enemy alone the entire front.

Monash has already heard at 9:55 that the 10th Brigade was held up by fire from Bellevue Spur. Believing that his division was still advancing, he asked that every gun that the New Zealand Division could spare should be turned upon that ridge to suppress the fire. Meanwhile, he would order the reserve (39th) battalion of the 10th Brigade to be ready to assist in holding the ground already won. The reserve battalion the (33rd) of the 9th Brigade he was still keeping back to assist in the capture of Passchendaele.

Shortly after noon news of the true situation arrived. Lieutenant Jackson of the 40th Battalion had established at Waterfields pillbox near the Ravebeek a forward report-centre from which a series of messages, admirably accurate, was flashed by lamp to the headquarters of Lieutenant Colonel Lord of the 40th Battalion. Thus Brigadier General McNicoll of the 10th Brigade was able to inform Monash of the precise position of Giblin's Line. He added that the situation was very serious and the casualties very heave. At the same time from the front line of the 9th Brigade arrived a pigeon message, sent by Captain: Richard GADD of the 36th Battalion.

We are on the Blue Line (second objective) with composite force all three battalions, both flanks in the air.

The New Zealand Division was to make a second attempt at 3:00 pm, and Monash was of the opinion that from the 9th Brigade, well forward on the ridge, patrols might still work northward around Crest Farm. His reserve, the 33rd Battalion (9th Brigade), was accordingly ordered to attempt this at 4:30 pm and the 10th Brigade's forward line being meanwhile reinforced by its own reserve, the 39th Battalion.

These orders went out, but none of them were fulfilled. The New Zealand Division had been defeated by obstacles which no hastily renewed bombardment could have overcome. no infantry in the world could have crossed the Ravebeek mud, penetrated the dense wire, and attacked the crowded pillboxes of Bellview with the assistance of a barrage which did not even screen the advance. No blame can attach to the artillery. Its commander, according to the New Zealand official history, had reported on the previous day that his guns might be unable to give efficient support.

This magnificent division, which lost nearly 3,000 men, had been held up in almost exactly the same position as the 49th three days before-the left brigade penetrating half-way to the first objective, the right stopped almost at the start. The Germans were reinforcing. The New Zealand battalion commanders knew that their men had no chance of succeeding by renewed attack, and the order was eventually cancelled.

As for the Australians, of the two battalions that MONASH had now ordered to participate, the 39th had already to a large extent been involved in the fighting, and the 33rd, endevouring to reach its position of readiness for outflanking Passchendaele, had suffered great loss. No less than 6 of its Officers were killed or mortally wounded. Captain: Wilfred Frank HINTON in command of the forward company, Lieutenant Leonard Rockley BROWNLOW  Lieutenant: Thomas Acheson ARMSTRONG   Lieutenant: Albert George KILPATRICK  Lieutenant William REES-REYNOLDS and Lieutenant: Norman Francis GOBLE.

By the time Lieutenant Colonels Henderson DSO 39th Battalion and MORSHEAD attempted to carry Monash's orders, they found that the attacking force of both brigades was back almost at its starting point. What had happened was as follows.

Neither Major: GIBLIN near the Ravenbeek nor Captain: Henry Vince CARR on the ridge had received their messages sent several hours earlier. The 9th Brigade's line was still being battered by the German Guns. Captain: Richard GADD 36th Battalion, whose troops were being wiped out, informed Captain: Henry Vince CARR 35th Battalion that Lieutenant Colonel: John Alexander MILNE D.S.O 36th Battalion had now come forward to Hillside Farm. CARR accordingly sent Captain: Robert Derwent DIXON. D.S.O with GADD to explain to Milne the desperate nature of their situation. Milne said that he would try to get their troops relieved after dark, but till relieved they must hold on.

(BEAN; History of Word War 1 Vol IV page 921) Charles Edwin Woodrow BEAN

Meanwhile, however, the German artillery was annihilating some parts of their line. All leaders of Carr's three posts were out of action. Lieutenant: Joseph Francis ADAMS was Killed in Action and Lieutenant: Norman Beade D'ARCY M.C and Lieutenant: Harold Sydney WYNDHAM were wounded. Of the remaining officers of the 36th Battalion, Major: John Bruce BUCHANAN and Lieutenant: Fredrick William PUTNEY had been Killed in Action and Captain: Robert Austin GOLDRICK M.C wounded. Farther back Lieutenant: Sydney COOK had been Killed in Action and Lieutenant: William WAND and Lieutenant: Herbert Reginald MAILER were wounded.

At 3 o'clock rain began to fall steadily. at 3:15 pm Captain: Richard GADD 36th Battalion, thought agreeing with  Captain: Henry Vince CARR 35th Battalion that to hold on meant annihilation, refused, in view of his Colonel's orders, to retire. Carr consented to wait while Gadd again sent word to Lieutenant Colonel: John Alexander MILNE D.S.O. Carr himself at 12: 30 had sent Captain Robert Derwent DIXON.  D.S.O to the headquarters of the 35th Battalion at " Seine", from which no word had been received all day.

At 3:45 pm, no reply having come from Milne, and Dixon not having returned as he had been kept at 35th Battalion headquarters awaiting the arrival of an order from brigade headquarters concerning the projected operation by the reserve battalion, Gadd agreed to withdraw and Carr sent along the line a note: The 35th Battalion will retire.

When visiting Gadd, Carr had warned the troops of the probable order to withdraw, and he now saw that the left had already begun to retire. He told men whom he passed to get back as fast as they could to the 34th Battalion (which he believed to be on the first objective). Captain: William James GORDON M.C 36th Battalion, strongly dissatisfied with the order, went straight to Lieutenant Colonel: John Alexander MILNE D.S.O urged that the forward position was tenable, and with Milne and Major: John Martin HAWKEY M.C rushed out to stop the withdrawal. But it was too late.

The 34th was not, as Captain: Henry Vince Carr 35th Battalion, believed, on the first objective. The Commander of the line, Captain: John William RICHARDSON 34th Battalion, on hearing of the extreme weakness of the force at the second objective, had reinforced it. He and his only remaining officer's Lieutenant: James Clement BURGES  Lieutenant: Bruce Gray McKENZIE   Lieutenant: John Abbott LONGWORTH had all been Killed in Action while organising on the first objective, and the first objective now lay empty. The retiring troops, being without orders as to the position to be taken up, streamed back past Milne's headquarters.

All that Hawkey, Gordon, Gadd, and others could then do was to lead a fraction of them forward again to the first objective, where they remained during the night. Captain: Robert Derwent DIXON.  D.S.O. with Captain: John Grieve PATERSON adjutant of the 35th, went up to organise the 35th there, but could find none of it's men. When eventually re-formed the remnant of the 35th was temporarily attached as a Company to the 33rd Battalion.

9th-12th October 1917 saw the 3rd Division, 9th and 10th Infantry Brigade in action during the Battle of Passchendaele, which saw massive losses and suffering in the Australian ranks. The casualties numbered 3,199 men in 24 hours during the height battle. The 34th Battalion lost every officer that day, either killed or wounded including their Medical Officer, Major: Gother Robert Carlisle CLARKE and some of his staff were killed while dressing the wounded. The spirit of some of the wounded is illustrated by the case of Corporal: 3170 Winsleigh Alexander MURRAY   35th Battalion, (formerly a Methodist Minister from Newcastle) gave up his place in a queue waiting for stretcher bearers and was never heard of again.

The Battle of Passchendaele saw 60 Officers and 1,322 other ranks loose their lives.

9th Infantry Brigade Casualties.

33rd Battalion. AIF 11 Officers 273 Other ranks
34th Battalion. AIF 15 Officers 323 Other ranks
35th Battalion. AIF 18 Officers 296 Other ranks
36th Battalion. AIF 15 Officers 383 Other ranks
9th Machine Gun Company. AIF 1 Officer 36 Other ranks
9th Light Trench Mortar Battery. - Officer 11 Other ranks

36th Battalion War Diary.
13th October 1917.

Received instructions to take command of the front line. Issued instructions to C.O's 34th and 35th Battalions to re-organize at dawn and to hold as follows; 35th Battalion Right Battalion. 36th Battalion Center Battalion. 34th Battalion Left Battalion. This was done and consolidation proceeded with shelling of our position immediately in rear of it was at times very heavy. 5.9-4.2 and 77mm being used. Our bombardment of enemy points appeared to be very light and our barrages throughout the battle much lighter than ant yet experienced by this battalion.

On the other hand the Boche bombardment was the heaviest I have ever experienced and only the very soft ground smothering the shell bursts very few men would have got through it. This Battalion was relieved by the 44th Battalion 11th Bde A.I.F. Relief commenced about 7:00pm and was complete about 11:00pm. The Battalion moving back along Railway Line to BOSTON FARM. The Battalion to up a shell hole position near JACOB'S HOUSE. All ranks very exhausted.

Charles was Wounded in Action on the 13th of October when he received Severe Gun-Shot Wounds to his Abdomen and was treated in the field by the 11th Australian Field Ambulance. Charles has carried by stretcher bearers to the 3rd Australian Casualty Clearing Station but due to his injuries he was unable to be moved further and he Died of Wounds at the Clearing Station on the 15th of October 1917.

His service was conducted by Reverend BUCKLEY and Charles is remembered with honour and is commemorated in perpetuity by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission at the Nine Elms British Cemetery at Poperinghe, France.

Nine Elms British Cemetery at Poperinghe, France.

Family Information
Charles was a married 28 year old Coal Miner from Abermain, N.S.W. upon enlistment. His parents Henry and Ellen Kendrick were married (No Record) and had at least 4 children, Henrietta Kendrick born 1883 at Glen Innes, N.S.W. Birth Cert:17462/1883. George Kendrick born 1885 at Glen Innes, N.S.W. Birth Cert:19830/1885 and died in 1895 at Burwood, N.S.W. Death Cert:35652/1959. Charles Kendrick born 1888 at Glen Innes, N.S.W. Birth Cert:21697/1888 and died in 1917, France. John Kendrick born 1891 at Glen Innes, N.S.W. Birth Cert:13906/1891 and died in 1891 at Glen Innes, N.S.W. Death Cert:6347/1891.


No.1162 Charles KENDRICK was a married 28 year old coal miner from Abermain in NSW when he enlisted in the AIF on the 17th of February 1916.
He was one of a number of men that were given a farewell at Abermain on the 28th of April while on their final leave. Each man received a sheepskin coat, a fountain-pen, a money-belt, and a wallet.
He embarked as a member of “D” Company of the 34th BATTALION AIF (Maitland’s Own) (Maitland’s Own) on board the HMAT (A20) ‘Hororata’ that departed Sydney on the 2nd of May 1916. The route was via: Albany in Western-Australia, Columbo in India, the Suez Canal, and Port Said. At Alexandria in Egypt the Battalion was then transhipped onto the S.S. ‘Aragon’ for the final leg of the voyage to Plymouth in England, arriving on the 23rd of June 1916.
On arrival in England the Battalion travelled by train, via Exeter, to the village of Amesbury in Wiltshire, where they unloaded and then marched the several miles to the Australian Camps at Lark Hill. On arrival they were allocated to the No.1 Camp and were then given four days Disembarkation-Leave prior to commencing training.
The 34th Battalion now joined the other Battalions of the 9th Infantry Brigade (33rd, 34th, 35th, and 36th Battalions, 9th Machine-Gun Company, and the 9th Light Trench Mortar Battery), of the new 3rd Australian Division (9th, 10th, and 11th Infantry Brigades). They would all spend the next four months training hard on Salisbury Plain learning the latest methods of Soldiering and of Trench-Warfare.
The Brigade trained and practiced in Musketry, bayonet fighting, the digging of trenches, received their weapons, equipment and field-kitchens, attended various courses, practiced route-marching, improving their fitness, practised trench raids and attacks while coordinating with aircraft and Artillery, culminating in a week in October spent in trenches under active service conditions. They voted in the ‘Conscription Referendum’, were reviewed by His Majesty the King on Salisbury Plain, and then completed a final Divisional Route-March of 18 miles. Selected personnel had attended various Promotion and Officer Training Courses, in preparation for the Casualties that were inevitably to occur.
On the 30th of June 1916 he reported sick and was admitted to Fargo Military Hospital with haemorroids. On the 25th of July 1916 he was released from hospital and on the 11th of November marched out to the Command-Depot at Wareham. On the 23rd of March 1917 he was transferred to the 61st Battalion in England (the proposed 6th Australian Infantry Division would be disbanded several months later)
On the 23rd of August 1917 he finally deployed across to France and was taken-on-strength by the 34th BATTALION on the 2nd of September.
· Offence – on the 8th of October 1917 he was charged with: ”Drunkeness 21/9/17”. As punishment he was awarded 4 days of Field-Punishment No.2 and a forfeiture of 4 days pay.
He was with the Battalion on the 12th of October for the unsuccessful attack on ‘PASSCHENDAELE’ in Belgium.
Near the start of October it had started raining and the ancient field-drainage systems at Passchendaele had been totally destroyed by shelling. The preparatory Artillery fire on Passchendaele had now churned those flooded fields into a quagmire. The attacking troops were expected to advance 2,500 yards (2.2 km) over wet and muddy shell torn ground, Battalions advancing through Battalions (leapfrogging) after each objective was captured. The attack commenced at 5.25 a.m. on the 12th and by the end of the day the 3rd Australian Division had sustained approximately 2,935 casualties (of which 299 were killed) and after being forced to withdraw from the BLUE LINE, finally held a line only just in front of that mornings starting point. It was reported that men had sunk into the mud in the shell holes under the weight of their own equipment and drowned. If a man became stuck it took several of his comrades to extricate him, and it needed a team of stretcher-Bearers to bring just one man back to the dressing-Stations, and the wounded were certainly plentiful.
It was during this attack that he was WOUNDED-IN-ACTION, being hit in the abdomen. He was evacuated from the Battlefield and admitted to the 11th Field-Ambulance. He was then transported to and admitted to the 3rd Casualty Clearing Station.
On the 15th of October 1917 he DIED-OF-WOUNDS and was buried in the ‘Nine Elms British Cemetery’ at Poperinghe in Belgium.
Bill Durrant; July 2022.

Military Records
(Australian National Archives)

Under Construction 14/05/2009-16/07/2022.

 

Private: 815 James Oliver KEMP. “Ol”

34th BATTALION A.I.F.

Private: 815 James Oliver KEMP. "Ol"


Born: 5th November 1889. Plattsburg, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia. Birth Cert:32334/1889.

Died: 8th July 1917. Died of Wounds Messines Ridge, Belgium


Father: William R Kemp.

Mother: Isabel Kemp. nee: Cherry.


INFORMATION
James Oliver Kemp enlisted with C Company 34th Battalion AIF after he marched with the WALLABIES from Walgett New South Wales on the 22nd of January 1916 and was an original member of the battalion and trained at Maitland Showground before proceeding overseas from Sydney on board HMAT A20 "Hororata" on the 2nd of May 1916 and disembarked at Plymouth, England on the 23rd of June 1916 and was marched into training camp before proceeding overseas from Southampton for France on the 22nd of November 1916 and was Taken on Strength with the 34th Battalion in France.

James suffered Multiple Shrapnel Wounds during the Third Battle of YPRES and Died of Wounds on the 18th of July 1917 and the 2nd Casualty Clearing Station, Belgium and is remembered with honour and is commemorated in perpetuity by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission and is buried at the Trois-Arbres Cemetery at Steenwerck, France.

The War Graves Photographic Project (in association with the CWGC)

Family Information
James wa a single 26 year old Carter from Plattsburg prior to enlistment. William and Isabel Kemp were married in 1883 at Wallsend, N.S.W. Marriage Cert:1011/1883 and had 12 children.

(Memorial Plaque: James Oliver Kemp; Australian War Memorial Collection)

 

 

 

These are photos of James Oliver Kemp. One in Uniform, facial is from a postcard sent from France. There is also a full family photo with parents and siblings taken, we believe, before he left with the army. He is the last person in the back row, next to my great grandmother, Ada.

(His great, great niece, Kerrie Bennett. September 2010)


Please note that the information on James Oliver Kemp, known as Ol Kemp is incorrect in many instances. He was born on 5th November, 1889 at Plattsburg, Wallsend to William and Isabella Kemp. His mother’s maiden name was Cherry and she was from Tasmania. Ol was the 7th of their twelve children, Christina, William, Henry, Mary, Ada, Ester, Ann, Ol, Margaret, Johnny, Emily, Alfred, and Thomas. He was unmarried, but had a girlfriend Amy. According to the 34th CO’s notes, the 34th were actually relieved on the night of the 17th July and in Wellington Trench, Messines when it was bombed on the 18th. He did die in the 2nd Clearing Station and letter to the family from a nurse at the hospital said his multiple shrapnel wounds were so extensive that he could never have survived. Ol was always talked about in the family and photographs were displayed. He was dearly loved by his parents, many siblings and nephews and nieces. I do have a couple of photographs if you would like copies e-mailed. My grandmother had me forward his memorial medal to the War Memorial.

(His great, great niece, Kerrie Bennett. September 2010)


Military Records
15

Australian National Archives

Under Construction 15/03/2007-17/04/2020.

 

Private: 2588 George Edwin HOBDEN.

34th BATTALION A.I.F.

Private: 2588 George Edwin HOBDEN. M.I.D.


Born:  7th June 1897. Boggabri, New South Wales, Australia.

Married: 11th June 1923. New South Wales, Australia.

Wife: Edna Adeline Hobden. nee: Urquhart. (1895-03/09/1942)

Died: 4th November 1941. Newcastle, New south Wales, Australia.


Father: Robert Alfred Hobden. (1848-1947)

Mother: Sarah Ann Hobden. nee: Cupples. (1861-1918)


INFORMATION

No.2588 George Edwin HOBDEN (aka Hugh George HOBDEN) was one of four brothers from Boggabri in NSW to serve in the AIF. He was working as a 21 year old labourer when he enlisted on the 25th of July 1916.
He embarked from Australia as a member of the 5th Reinforcements to the 34th Battalion, on board the S.S. Napier, that departed Sydney on the 17th of November 1916 and arrived at Devonport in England on the 29th of January 1917. On arrival the reinforcements travelled by train to Wiltshire, where they marched in to the 9th Training-Battalion at Durrington.
On the 16th of February 1917 he reported sick and was admitted to the Fargo Military Hospital with ‘Bronchitis’. He rejoined the Reinforcements on the 22nd of the month.
On the 6th of April he again reported sick with Bronchitis and was admitted to Fargo Military Hospital, being released 10 days later.
He deployed across from England to France on the 29th of May and was taken-on-strength by the 34th Battalion (Maitland’s Own) on the 19th of June. The 34th Battalion was one of the four Infantry Battalions in the 9th Infantry Brigade (comprising: 33rd, 34th, 35th, and 36th Infantry Battalions, 9th Machine-Gun Company, and the 9th Light Trench Mortar Battery), of the newly raised 3rd Australian Division (9th, 10th, and 11th Infantry Brigades).
On the 1st of July, near Messines in Belgium, he was WOUNDED-IN-ACTION, suffering wounds to his left leg. On the 5th of July he was invalided to England and admitted to the 2nd Southern General Hospital at Bristol.
He returned to France on the 28th of November 1917 and rejoined the 34th Battalion on the 9th of December.
· Offence - on Christmas Day of 1917 he was charged with “Drunkenness” and as punishment was awarded 4 days Field-Punishment No.2.
In late March of 1918 the 9th Infantry Brigade was rushed south to ‘the Somme’, in response to a huge new German Offensive (known by the Germans as Operation Michael), and used as a mobile formation being thrown into the line wherever strengthening was needed. He was with the Battalion for the “1ST BATTLE OF VILLERS-BRETONNEUX” on the 4th and 5th of April 1918, when the 9th Australian Brigade, and a few tired elements of the British 5th Army, were instrumental in stopping the German advance towards the key City of Amiens. The 9th Brigade successfully held the front line to the east of the village and defended the village for the next two weeks. Unfortunately, after being relieved by tired English troops the Germans again attacked and succeeded in capturing the village. The village was then successfully recaptured on Anzac Day by the 13th and 15th Brigades of the AIF.
On the 15th of June 1918, south west of Hamel, he was lightly WOUNDED-IN-ACTION, returning to the Battalion after only 3 days.
He was detached to work with the 9th Brigade HQ on the 1st of July 1918, rejoining the Battalion on the 7th.
On the 22nd of August 1918, near Bray-sur-Somme, he was again WOUNDED-IN-ACTION, suffering a wound to his side. He was admitted to the 5th Casualty Clearing Station and then transferred to the 6th General Hospital at Rouen. He was released from medical treatment on the 7th of September and rejoined to 34th Battalion on the 24th of the month. On the 30th of August his name had been included among the 34th Battalion nominations for a Bravery Award, submitted to 9th Brigade HQ, but his nomination was not actioned.
On the 26th of September he was again detached to work with the HQ 9th Brigade. On the 24th of October he was included in a Group-Photo of the 9th Brigade HQ Staff, Signal Section & Details, taken at Yonville in France.
2588 G.E. HOBDEN identified in AWM Photo E03671K, taken at Yonville in France on the 24th October 1918.
George was granted Leave commencing on the 6th of November and was in England on the 11th of November, when the Germans signed an ARMISTICE, ending the fighting on the Western-Front. George rejoined the 34th Battalion from the detachment and his leave on the 22nd of November 1918.
After the Armistice, a final call was made for Bravery Awards nominations (to be known as the Peace Despatch) and George’s name was submitted once again..….this time successfully. George Edwin HOBDEN finally received some acknowledgement and a MENTION-IN-DESPATCHES (in Sir Douglas HAIG’S Despatch of 16th March 1919).
He returned to Australia in June of 1919 arriving back on the 11th of August and was discharged from the AIF on the 18th of September 1919.
He died in November of 1941 and was buried at Sandgate Cemetery in Newcastle, NSW.

(Bill Durant: November 2019)

 

7th February 1919.

MENTIONED in DISPATCHES.
Private: 2588 George Edward HOBDEN.   Sergeant: 1170 Percy Harold LAMBLEY.   Temporary Corporal: 2101 William James JONAS.  Private:3292 Jeff FARQHAR. 34th Battalion AIF.

London Gazette 11th November 1919. Page 8831 Position 91.

Commonwealth of Australia Gazette 30th October 1919. Page 1655 Position 34.

Family Information
George was a single 21 year old Labourer from Boggabri, N.S.W. upon enlistment with the AIF.

Sandgate Cemetery via Newcastle, N.S.W.

Military Records
(Australian National Archives)

Under Construction: 05/04/2007-12/11/2019.

 

Private: 426 John Joseph FARRELL.

34th BATTALION A.I.F.

Private: 426 John Joseph FARRELL.


Born: 8th June 1890. Awaba via Central Coast, New South Wales, Australia. Birth Cert:35500/1890.

Married: 1920. Cessnock, New South Wales, Australia. Marriage Cert:9897/1920.

Wife: Bridget Mary Farrell. nee: Flynn. (1892-1971)

Died: 27th January 1976. Kurri Kurri, New South Wales, Australia. Death Cert:100942/1976.


Father: John Farrell. (1862-1943)

Mother:  Sarah Teresa Farrell. nee: Walsh. (1862-1946)


INFORMATION
John Joseph Farrell enlisted with B Company No: VI Platoon, 34th Battalion on the 8th of January 1916 and was an original member of the Battalion and left Sydney on board HMAT A20 "Hororata" on the 2nd of May 1916 and returned to Australia the 11th of May 1919.

Informant; Private: 426 John Joseph FARRELL. I didn't see Private: 438 John GIBSON of B Company VI Platoon. Killed by a H.E. Shell wounds on body and on the side of his forehead at VILLERS-BRETONNEUX on May 25th in the afternoon in the support trenches, but I saw the body soon after death when it was brought back to H.Q. about 100 yards away where I was attached at the time. It was on the stretcher and was badly knocked about, he must have died instantly. I saw him buried in a Military Cemetery which had just been started near VILLERS-BRETONNEUX, the grave has a cross with name, number and regiment.

I knew Gibson well- he was a fine little chap- Came from East Greta near Maitland, N.S.W. We came out together in Horatio ? to Alexandria, and Aragon on from there. Left Australia May 2nd, 1916. No: 3 Australian General Hospital, ABBEVILLE, France. 16/08/1918.

Private: 427 Martin James FARRELL. B Company 34th Battalion.

A forgotten digger of The Great War and Sandgate Cemetery.

Private John Joseph Farrell, 34th Battalion, machine man (miner), from Sawyers Gully, New South Wales, and Cooks Hill, N.S.W., was laid to rest on the 15th June 1953, age 63.

Born at Awaba, New South Wales on the 8th June 1890 to John and Sarah Teresa Farrell, John enlisted December 1915 at West Maitland, N.S.W., was wounded in action on the 13.7.1917, and returned home June 1919.

John’s name has been inscribed on the Sawyers Gully Memorial Gates and the Abermain War Memorial.

For 64 years Mr Farrell had been resting in an unmarked grave, so I have placed a cross adorned with poppies on the gravesite, taken a photo of the grave and uploaded the photo onto the Northern Cemetery website as a permanent record of his service. CATHOLIC 2-46. 75.

http://sandgate.northerncemeteries.com.au/…/war-…/index.php…

No funeral notice has been located, but a death notice in the Newcastle Morning Herald states a John Joseph DARCY had passed away on the 12th June 1953, privately interred 15th June at Sandgate.

http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article137098183 - report mentions Jack as being a member of the Cessnock & Aberdare Co-operative Society who had enlisted.
http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article123405181 - report of farewell to the Farrell brothers at the Abermain Garratt's Hall.
http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article122168831 - Jack mentioned in a letter home.
Wounded in action - 13.7.1917 (GSW thigh).
http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article134857706 - reported wounded and in hospital.
Admitted to hospital 7.8.1918 (influenza).
Jack returned home June 1919, being discharged on the 12th August 1919.
http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article139437318 - reported returning home soon.
Sawyer's Gully Roll of Honour
Sawyer's Gully Memorial
Mr. Farrell’s name has been inscribed on the Sawyers Gully Memorial Gates (photos, unveiled on the 4th May 1918, 33 names originally inscribed, 35 names now inscribed - http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article140976721) and the Abermain War Memorial. Name not inscribed on the Cessnock & Aberdare Co-operative Society Roll of Honour.
I located Jack resting in an unmarked grave, so January 2017 I placed a cross adorned with poppies at the gravesite in remembrance of his service and sacrifice for God, King & Country.
Younger brother Martin James (Mart, 34th Battalion, Reg No-427, born 1894, died 6.9.1962, Cessnock, N.S.W., resting at Kurri Kurri Cemetery) also served 1st A.I.F.
I will be submitting an application to DVA asking for a Commonwealth War Graves Plaque, curbing and marble chip to restore Honour and Dignity to Jack.
Many thanks to Nancy Spasko for her photos.
Lest We Forget.
Grave of Private: 426 John Joseph FARRELL 

Sandgate Cemetery via Newcastle, N.S.W.

http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-page10080705

Lest We Forget.

(Gary Mitchell; June 2018)

Grave of John Joseph Farrell (1890-1976) - Bridget Mary Farrell. nee: Flynn. (1892-1971)

Cessnock Cemetery, Nulkaba N.S.W.

Family Information

John was a single 25 year old Machine Man (miner), from Sawyers Gully, New South Wales, upon his enlistment with the AIF

 

Military Records
© Commonwealth of Australia (National Archives of Australia)

Under Construction; 21/04/2007-03/07/2022.

 

Private: 552 Frederick SHERWOOD.

33rd BATTALION AIF

Private: 552 Frederick SHERWOOD.


Born: 8th June 1894. Richmond, New South Wales, Australia. Birth Cert:

Married:

Wife: Rachael E Sherwood. nee: (1898-1988) 

Died: 30th November 1981. 


Father: John Sherwood.

Mother: Sarah Sherwood. nee: .


INFORMATION
Frederick Sherwood enlisted with the 33rd Battalion AIF at Armidale, N.S.W. and was an original member of the Battalion.

Printed in The Daily Telegraph (Sydney, NSW 1883 - 1930) Mon 11 Feb 1918

No.552 Frederick SHERWOOD was one of five brothers to enlist and serve in the AIF. He was working as a 21 year old Motor-Car Driver from Barraba in NSW when he enlisted at Armidale on the 28th January 1916.

He embarked as a member of “B” Company of the 33rd Battalion, departing Sydney on the 4th of May 1916 on board the HMAT (A74) ‘Marathon’, arriving at Devonport in England on the 9th of July.

The Battalion deployed across to France on the 21st of November 1916 and moved into the front-line trenches in the ‘nursery sector’ at Chapelle d’Armentieres.

On the 7th of June 1917, during the attack on Messines Ridge, Fred was WOUNDED-IN-ACTION, receiving a GSW to the leg back and thigh. He was medically treated in France, and rejoined the unit at billets in Messines, on the 18th July 1917.

Fred was with the 33rd Battalion for the following Battles :-

• MESSINES – June 1917,

• PASSCHENDAELE – October 1917,

• MORLANCOURT – March 1918,

• LANCER and HANGARD WOODS – March 1918,

• DEFENCE OF VILLERS-BRETONNEUX – early April 1918,

• BOUCHAVENES – Mid August 1918, and

• ADVANCE TO THE HINDENBURG LINE – September 1918.

Fred was with the 1st Demobilization Quota that left the Battalion on the 12th March 1919. He embarked on the 11th April 1919 for his return to Australia aboard the ‘Borda’, arriving in Sydney on the 28th June 1919.

Fred was discharged from the AIF on the 12th August 1919. He died in 1981, aged 87 years.

(Bill Durant: November 2019)

Family Information
Frederick was a single 21 year old Motor Car Driver from Barabba, N.S.W upon enlistment with the AIF. Frederick was cremated at the Palmdale Lawn Cemetery & Memorial Park.

Military Records

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© Commonwealth of Australia (National Archives of Australia)

Under Construction: 14/12/2014-31/05/2016.

 

Private: 2904 George LEE.

36th BATTALION - 33rd BATTALION AIF

Private: 2904 George LEE.


 

 

Born: 1896.

Married:

Wife: nee:.

Died:


Father:

Mother: Catherine Lee. nee:.


INFORMATION
George Lee enlisted with the 3rd Reinforcements, 36th Battalion AIF on the 27th of April 1916 and embarked from Sydney onboard HMAT A68 "Anchises" on the 24th August 1916.

30th March 1918.

Informant; Corporal: 245 Archibald GRAY I knew Private: 2916 Neville Dacre WILKINSON a Coy 2nd Platoon, his mother is Mrs J.D.Wilkinson C/O A.D.C.Bank, King and George, Sydney. I was right with him at Hangard Wood on March 30th, about 6:00 pm daylight in our own lines when he was killed instantly by a M.G. Bullet. We went on 50 yards and dug in. We held the ground and were relieved by a British Battalion on the morning of the 31st. Wilkinson's body was carried back by stretcher bearers Private: 2094 George LEE and Private: 240 Robert Arthur FIELD both of A Coy. Corporal: WHITE of Battalion H.Q wrote to Mrs Wilkinson and sent her Boy's papers.

Australian Convalescent Camp, Rouelles, France.

12th July 1918.

No.2094 George LEE was the elder of two brothers to join up in WW1. He was a 20 year old from Merrylands in NSW, working as a Blacksmiths-Striker, when he decided to enlist in the AIF on the 27th of April 1916. He had been serving in the Citizen Military Forces under the Universal Training Scheme.
He embarked from Australia as a member of the 3rd Reinforcements to the 36th Battalion AIF, on board the HMAT (A68) ‘Anchises’, which departed Sydney on the 24th of August 1916 and arrived at Devonport in England on the 11th of October. Upon arrival in England the Reinforcements travelled by train, via Exeter, to Wiltshire, where they joined the other 9th Brigade Reinforcements in training.
On the 11th of November 1916 he marched out of the 9th Training-Battalion at Codford and was taken-on-strength by the 36th Battalion AIF (Carmichael’s Thousand / Rifle Club’s Thousand). He was posted into “C” Company.
On the 22nd of November 1916 the 36th Battalion deployed from England across to France, as part of the 9th Brigades entry onto the Western-Front. On arrival the Brigade marched to the Sanvic Rest Camp (located at Bléville, several miles NNW of Le Havre). On the 23rd/24th the Brigade moved by train from Le Havre to Bailleul, in cattle-trucks that were marked “Hommes (people)40, Chevaux (horses) 8”. On the 26th the 36th Battalion marched from Bailleul to billets in the village of Merris. On the 29th the 36th Battalion moved from Merris to the ‘D’ Battalion area at the village of Armentieres. At 5 p.m. on the 29th of November 1916 the G.O.C. of the 9th Infantry Brigade assumed control of the Armentieres Sector.
He was with the 36th Battalion for the Combined British attack on the ‘Messines / Wyschaete Ridge’, in Belgium, which commenced at 3:10 a.m. on the 7th of June 1917 with the detonation of 19 huge ‘mines’ that had been dug under key German strategic positions on the Ridges. The 9th Australian Brigade’s Objective was the most southern line of trenches. For the attack, two Companies of the 36th Battalion was being used as Carrying-Parties to support the other three Battalions conducting the actual assault, and two Companies were held as a fighting Reserve.
At some point during the attack on the 7th of June 1917, George LEE was KILLED-IN-ACTION. He was buried in-the-field close to where he fell (Map-Reference U.15.b.6.5).
After the Armistice the Graves Registration Unit exhumed his remains and he was re-interred in the Strand Military Cemetery in Belgium.

(Bill Durant: November 2019)

Family Information
George was a single 20 year old Striker from Pattonville Road, Merrylands, N.S.W. upon enlistment.

Military Records
(Australian National Archives)

Under Construction: 15/01/2014-26/11/2019.

 

Private: 401 Herbert Ernest Charles DOUST.

33rd BATTALION A.I.F.

Private: 401 Herbert Ernest Charles DOUST.


Born: 1892. Wellingrove via Glen Innes, New South Wales, Australia. Birth Cert:14020/1892.

Died: 8th June 1918. Killed in Action Messines Ridge, Belgium.


Father: George William Doust. (18..-1930)

Mother: Hamilton @ Harriet Anne Doust. nee: McCathy. 18..-1915)


INFORMATION

No.401 Herbert Ernest Charles DOUST was a 23 year old farmer from ‘Wellingrove’ near Glen Innes in NSW, when he enlisted in the AIF on the 2nd of December 1915.
He embarked from Australia as a member of “B” Company of the 33rd BATTALION AIF (New England’s Own / aka the Northern Battalion) on board the HMAT (A74) ‘Marathon’ which sailed from Sydney for Egypt on the 4th of May 1916. Several days after leaving Albany in Western-Australia, the ship received a wireless message saying that the 9th Brigade’s destination had been changed to England, and the troopship was recalled to Western Australia in order to top up with sufficient coal to reach its destination in Europe. It finally reached Devonport in England on the 9th of July 1916, after the longest recorded voyage for a troopship during WW1. The route of the voyage was via: Albany, Freemantle (twice), Durban, Capetown, Dakar, and arriving in Devonport in England on the 9th of July.
Note - At Capetown in South-Africa the men had not been allowed any shore-leave, and in protest most ‘had gone on strike’, refusing to perform any fatigue duties. The Commanding-Officers response was swift and most men quickly found themselves facing Military Justice. Reportedly 4 men were charged with ‘Mutiny’ and 183 men were charged with ‘Disobedience of Orders’.
On arrival in England the 33rd Battalion travelled by train, via Exeter, to Salisbury-Plain in Wiltshire where they unloaded at the village of Amesbury. They then marched the several miles to the Australian Camps at Larkhill where they marched into the No.2 Camp. The men then were given 4 days Disembarkation-Leave prior to commencing their training.
The 33rd Battalion was one of the four Infantry Battalions to make up the 9th Infantry Brigade (33rd, 34th, 35th, and 36th Battalions). The Brigade was supported by the 9th Machine-Gun Company, the 9th Light Trench Mortar Battery, and the 9th Field-Company Engineers. (The 9th, 10th, and 11th Infantry Brigades formed the 3rd Division of the AIF).
The Brigade trained and practiced in Musketry, bayonet fighting, the digging of trenches, received their weapons, equipment and field-kitchens, attended various courses, practiced route-marching, improving their fitness, practised trench raids and attacks while coordinating with aircraft and Artillery, culminating in a week in October spent living in trenches under active service conditions. They all voted in the ‘Conscription Referendum’ (including those under the legal voting age of 21 years), and were reviewed by the King on Salisbury-Plain. They then completed a final Divisional Route-March of 18 miles.
Selected personnel had attended various Promotion and Officer Training Courses, in preparation for the casualties that were inevitably to occur. The 3rd Australian Division finally received their full allocation of rifles in early November and was then finally ready to proceed to the Western-Front. The delay in receiving their weapons had ensured that the 3rd Division was the most highly trained Australian Division to leave England.
The 33rd Battalion finally deployed across to France on the 21st of November 1916 as part of the 9th Brigade’s entry onto the Western-Front.
Herbert was with the 33rd Battalion on the 7th of June 1917 for the attack on ‘MESSINES RIDGE’. The attack commenced at 3.10 a.m. when 19 underground ‘mines’ were detonated under key German positions along the Ridge Two of these mines were in the front line ahead of the 33rd Battalion.
On the 8th of June 1917, in the new front-line at Messines, he was KILLED-IN-ACTION.
Private Frederick TRIBE had recorded in his diary for 8th June: “8th- Lost heavily holding lines – it was hell on earth”.
Cyril HERBORN recalled: “Others were wounded or killed too. In a day or so we were hardened to hearing that our mates had been killed or badly wounded. Doust, a Glen Innes boy, was killed one night among others.”
Although it is known that Herbert was buried at ‘Dead Horse Corner’, Ploegsteert Wood, later efforts to locate his burial site by the Graves Registration Unit were unsuccessful. As he now has no known grave, his name is inscribed on the Ypres (Menin Gate) Memorial.
Bill Durrant: September 2021.
(Never Take a Backward Step)

Family Information
Herbert was a single 23 year old Farmer from Wellingrove via Glen Innes, N.S.W prior to enlistment. His parents George and Harriet Doust were married in 1879 at Wellingrove, N.S.W. Marriage Cert:5120/1879 and had 8 children. George Alfred Doust born 1880 at Wellingrove, N.S.W. Birth Cert:26505/1880 and died in 1949 at Newtown, N.S.W. Death Cert:15417/1949.James Edward Doust born 1882 at Inverell, N.S.W. Birth Cert:19798/1882 and died in 1953 at Inverell, N.S.W. Death Cert:6300/1953. Ada B C Doust born 1883 at Wellingrove, N.S.W. Birth Cert:17565/1883. Harriet H Doust born 1886 at Wellingrove, N.S.W. Birth Cert:20641/1886. Thomas McCathy Doust born 1887 at Wellingrove, N.S.W. Birth Cert:21330/1887 and died in 1978, N.S.W. Death Cert:103112/1978. Serranna Doust born 1889 at Wellingrove, N.S.W. Birth Cert:20938/1889. Herbert Ernest Charles Doust born 1892 at Wellingrove, N.S.W. Birth Cert:14020/1892 and died in 1917 at Messines, Belgium. Walter Percy Doust born 1895 at Wellingrove, N.S.W. Birth Cert:22354/1895 and died in 1971 at Glen Innes, N.S.W. Death Cert:56050/1971.

(Studio Photo; Australian War Memorial; P09113.009)

Military Records
(Australian National Archives)

Under Construction 09/11/2010-05/09/2021.

 

Lieutenant: 348 John Perry Westbrook BRADFORD

John Percy Westbrook Bradford

40th BATTALION - 36th BATTALION - 33rd BATTALION A.I.F.

Lieutenant: 348 John Perry Westbrook BRADFORD.


Born: 18th June 1882. Birmingham, England.

Married: 3rd November 1917. Somerset, England. 

Wife: Daisy Constance Bradford. nee: Wainwright. (1891-1978)

Died: 9th June 1963. Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. 


Father: John Bradford. (1840-1890) 

Mother: Sarah Jane Bradford. nee: Perry. (1846-1910)


INFORMATION

John Perry Bradford enlisted with B Company, 40th Battalion AIF on the 15th of January 1916 and was an original member of the Battalion and left Hobart, Tasmania on board HMAT A35 "Berrima" on the 1st of July 1916 and disembarked at Devonport England on the 23rd of August 1916. John proceeded overseas for France on the 23rd of November.

John was attached to the 3rd Divisional Salvage Company before being transferred and taken on in strength with the 36th Battalion in the field. John was promoted from 2nd Lieutenant to Lieutenant with the 36th Battalion on the 13th of April 1918 and again transferred when the 36th Battalion was disbanded on the 30th of April.

“When the German Army launched its last great offensive in the spring of 1918, the battalion was part of the force deployed to defend the approaches to Amiens around Villers-Bretonneux. It took part in a counter-attack at Hangard Wood on 30 March, and helped to defeat a major drive on Villers- Bretonneux on 4 April.

12th April 1918

33rd Battalion - Late 36th Battalion AIF. Sergeant: 3275 Lawrence Walter BARBER. "On the 12th April 1918 in front of HANGARD WOOD he was senior N.C.O. with a Lewis Gun Crew under the Command of Lieutenant: Henry Maxwell COLYER which held No:1 Point in the front line protecting the British Right Flank and adjoining the French Left. The French Post about 20 yards away was held by a Machine Gun section. A Quarter of an hour before the intense artillery barrage by the enemy opened up our front line and the WOOD. Sergeant BARBER was left in charge of the post whilst Lieutenant: COLYER went to confer with the French Commander. After the barrage opened Sergeant: BARBER was informed by the French that Lieutenant: COLYER had been killed, and that the enemy were advancing through the WOOD and the Village, and at the French Commander's request he took the gun out of the Post with some of his crew and assisted the French in the open to drive back the enemy who had attempted to cut off the French Post from its flank. 

He personally reported his action to 2nd Lieutenant: BRADFORD who was in command of No: 2 Post, though the whole of the flank was at the time under a continuous hail of bullets from Machine Guns and Rifles besides Shells. Later in the day No:1 Post was subjected to concentrated fir of 5.9 shells from the enemy batteries which swept the western end of the WOOD, and Sergeant: BARBER remained there until all his men had been killed or wounded and kept his gun in action all the time. His personal example of courage and resourcefulness undoubtedly inspired confidence in the French left flank when it was in grave danger and helped to avert disaster and ultimately restore the line. 

The fighting to defeat the German offensive had exacted a heavy toll upon the 3rd Division, and the 9th Brigade in particular. Reinforcements from Australia were dwindling and thus it was decided to disband one of the 9th Brigade’s battalions to reinforce the other two. The 36th was the battalion selected. In what one of the battalion’s officers called an “unselfish act” the 36th disbanded on 30 April 1918.”

(Australian War Memorial)

Last Parade for the 36th Battalion AIF

36th Battalion's last Parade before being disbanded. 30th April 1918.

John was Wounded in Action on the 5th of May 1918 where he received a Gun Shot Wound to his Right Knee and was treated at the 20th General Hospital in France. John rejoined the 33rd Battalion in the Field in June 1916 but in October he was evacuated sick to hospital on the 27th of October a medical board classified him as ‘B1’ for 12 months due to Defective Vision. John was granted leave to the UK in January 1919 and then in February he rejoined his unit.

The War was now over but John did not immediately return home he applied for and was granted paid leave to remain in the UK to attend a “Course of legal studies at the Council of Legal Education” in London from 6th June 1919 to 6th September 1919.

Returned to Australia on board "Walche" in October 1919 with his wife Daisey and was discharged from the AIF on the 7th of March 1920.

Nice photo of Sergeant John Perry Bradford, (taken by Beattie Studios in Hobart), who was an original member of ‘B’ Company of the 40th Battalion, a Tasmanian Battalion. The photo is inscribed on the “Your affect cousin JP Bradford June ‘16 “and on the reverse “Regimental No 348 Sergt Bradford (Platoon Sergt No 8 Platoon ‘B’ Coy 40th Battn 10th Australian Infantry Brigade”. The photo has been in a frame at some time and the condition around the edges is a bit tattered.

John Bradford was an original member of the 40th Battalion who enlisted in Hobart in January 1916, he was 39 years old at the time and gave his occupation as ‘Solicitor’ – as he had previous military experience with 3 years in the Derwent Infantry this was probably why he was appointed Sergeant straight away.

John embarked overseas form Hobart in July 1916, after reaching England he proceeded overseas to France in November that year – in February 1917 he was transferred to the 3rd Div Salvage Company but then in September 1917 he was sent back to the UK to attend No. 6 Officer Card Battalion at Oxford University.

In December 1917 John was promoted 2nd Lieutenant and posted to the General Infantry Reinforcements. In January 1918 he was sent back to France and then posted to the 36th Battalion who were operating in Belgium – he had a short interlude posted onto an Intelligence Corse and then in February was back with the 36th Battalion.

Postcard

(Studio Photo; sold at auction, August 2009 to a private collector)

Family Information

John was a single 39 year old Solicitor from Hobart, Tasmania upon enlistment. He served with the Derwent Infantry and his brother Harold Tertius Bradford of "Hillside" Manning Avenue, Sandy Bay, Hobart, Tasmania was his next of kin. John married Daisy in England and they both returned to Australia in 1919. Interestingly, during WW2, John enlisted again in 1943 – aged 55 he was too old for active service and so he served as a Private, Number T156524, in the Volunteer Defence Corps HQ Hobart Anti-Aircraft Battery, he discharged in October 1945. Possibly one of the motivations for his enlistment was his son, Eric John Bradford, who served in the RAAF as a flying officer.

Convict Bible

Hi David, Just to let you know, you may have solved a small mystery for me. I have long owned a bible, which on the cover says is a Convict Bible, from 1841. I acquired it in Hobart around 1984 or thereabouts. Cover is in terrible condition, but inside is good. I haven't looked at it for years, but did today. There is a signature inside of a JP Bradford. I have wondered who that might be, doubting it was ever that of a convict. So today, when trawling google, I came upon your record Lt Bradford, who enlisted in Hobart 1916. You have posted a photo of Lt Bradford, and a copy of his war record. I'm no handwriting expert, but there does appear to be a good similarity between his signature on the documents and on the bible I have. I might try and see if there are any living descendants. I don't want to part with the convict bible at this time, but they might be interested to know of its existence. (If it is one and the same person). And I thought this little story my be of interest to you.

Convict BibleConvict BibleConvict Bible

Signature of J P Bradford

A bit of searching revealed JP represented the Tas Public Trust ( now "trustees" ) various matters- but I'm not sure if he was an employee or it was a contract arrangement. And he is mentioned in Hutchins (private) School newsletter in 1961, as still working as a solicitor at age around 85yo.

(Peter Mackenzie Westbury, Tasmania July 2016)

Military Records

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Commonwealth of Australia (National Archives of Australia)

Under Construction; 29/08/2009-17/06/2022.